C++ Synax

1. Hello World

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {

    cout << "Hello World";

    return 0;

}

2. Data Types

// Sample script - script_02.cpp

Data Type	Size
int	4 bytes
float	4 bytes
char	1 byte
bool	1 byte
short int	2 bytes
long int	8 bytes
long long int	8 bytes
double	8 bytes
long double	16 bytes

3. Taking user Input

// script_03.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {

    int n;
    cin >> n;
    cout << "Entered number is:- " << n << endl;

    return 0;

}

4. Conditional Statements

// Sample script - script_04.cpp

if (/*condition*/) {
    // code
}
else if (/*condition*/) {
    // code
}
else {
    // code
}

// Ternary Operator

/* Condition */ ? : /* Expression 1 */ : /* Expression 2 */;

5. Loops

// Sample script - script_05.cpp

// 1. for loop

for ( /* Initialize */; /*Condition*/ ; /* Counter */ ) {
    // code
}

// 2. while loop

while ( /*condition*/ ) {
    // code
}

// 3. do while loop

do {
    // code
}
while ( /*condition*/ );

6. Break and Continue

// Sample script - script_06.cpp

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main () {

    for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ ) {
        if ( i == 2 ) {
            continue;
        }
        else if ( i == 6 ) {
            break;
        }
        else {
            cout << i << endl;
        }
    }

    return 0;

}

/*
Output:-
0
1
3
4
5
*/

7. Switch - Case

// Sample script - script_07.cpp 

switch ( /* expression */ ) {

    case /*value*/:
        // code
        break;

    /*
        cases
    */

    default:
        // code
        break;
}

8. Operators in C++

Assignment Operators

Operator	Description
+	Adds two operands
-	Subtracts second operand from the first
*	Multiplies both operands
/	Divides numerator by de-numerator
%	Modulus Operator and remainder of after an integer division
++	Increment operator, increases integer value by one
--	Decrement operator, decreases integer value by one

Relational Operators

Operator	Description
==	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then condition becomes true.
!=	Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are not equal then condition becomes true.
>	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
<	Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.
>=	Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true
<=	Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

Logical Operators

Operator	Description
&&	Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then condition becomes true.
||	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands is non-zero, then condition becomes true.
!	Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.

Bitwise Operators

Operator	Description
&	Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands.
|	Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.
^	Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both.
~	Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits.
<<	Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand.
>>	Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand.

Assignment Operators

Operator	Description
=	Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand.
+=	Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
-=	Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
*=	Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with the left operand and assign the result to left operand.
/=	Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right operand and assign the result to left operand.
%=	Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two operands and assign the result to left operand.
<<=	Left shift AND assignment operator.
>>=	Right shift AND assignment operator.
&=	Bitwise AND assignment operator.
^=	Bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator.
|=	Bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator.

9. Comments in C++

// Single Line Comment

/*
    This is a 
    multiline comment
*/

10. Functions

// Sample script:- script_08.cpp

returnType functionName(parameter1, parameter2, ...) {
    // function body
}