10. Troubleshooting

10. Troubleshooting

Most failures are caused by wiring, adapter permissions, or the wrong connection mode.

Start With The Simple Checks

• Is GND connected?
• Are SWDIO and SWCLK correct?
• Is the ST-LINK detected by the OS?
• Did you choose the correct mode: A, B, or C?
• Is the .bin file exactly 131072 bytes?
• Are the wires short and stable?

If Dump Fails

Try these in order:

1. Check wiring.
2. Try mode A with the blinker-button service-mode trick.
3. Try mode B if using a clone ST-LINK.
4. Try mode C if using a genuine ST-LINK reset pin.
5. For mode B, increase the countdown timer with T.

If Flash Fails

Do not keep retrying blindly.

Check:

• backup was created first;
• file validation passed;
• the ST-LINK did not move during erase/write/verify;
• C45 contact was stable in mode B;
• reset wire was connected correctly in mode C.

Cryptic OpenOCD Errors

OpenOCD errors often look more complicated than the real problem. If a teenager or first-time user sees confusing messages, the best first answer is usually:

1. stop;
2. check the physical connection;
3. run a dump test again;
4. only flash after dumping works reliably.

What To Report When Asking For Help

Include:

• scooter model;
• operating system;
• ST-LINK type, clone or genuine;
• connection mode;
• action: dump, flash, or SHU compatible;
• exact error text or screenshot;
• whether a full dump ever completed successfully.