[main] CI: Upgrade important CI environment

[potiuk]

This PR upgrades important dependencies of the CI environment.

Manual re-run of the scheduled CI upgrade after #66588 landed (which fixed the Alpine date-tag bug from #66580).

Verification of the alpine fix

Previously, the bumper picked Alpine's daily-edge tag 20260127 over the 3.23 release because PEP 440 parsed Version("20260127") as a single-component version that sorted higher than Version("3.23"). After #66588's pre-filter for date-shaped tags (v?\d{8}(\.\d+)?), this run correctly picks alpine:3.23.4 (the latest dotted release).

- "alpine:3.23",   # was the pinned tag in K8S_TEST_IMAGES_TO_PRELOAD
+ "alpine:3.23.4", # picked correctly this time

(Plus busybox:1.37.0 and the same Go / uv-lock churn the bot would normally produce.)

Please mark as Draft before submitting if you want it to land via the same flow the scheduled bot would have used.

related: #66580 (closed), #66588 (fix)

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Was generative AI tooling used to co-author this PR?

• Yes — Claude Code (Opus 4.7)

Generated-by: Claude Code (Opus 4.7) following the guidelines

[potiuk]

Aparently needs #66601

[github-actions]

Backport failed to create: v3-2-test. View the failure log Run details

Note: As of Merging PRs targeted for Airflow 3.X
the committer who merges the PR is responsible for backporting the PRs that are bug fixes (generally speaking) to the maintenance branches.

In matter of doubt please ask in #release-management Slack channel.

Status	Branch	Result
❌	v3-2-test

You can attempt to backport this manually by running:

cherry_picker 8a55076 v3-2-test

This should apply the commit to the v3-2-test branch and leave the commit in conflict state marking
the files that need manual conflict resolution.

After you have resolved the conflicts, you can continue the backport process by running:

cherry_picker --continue

If you don't have cherry-picker installed, see the installation guide.