The csv library provides functionality to both read from and write to CSV files. Designed to work out of the box with Excel-generated CSV files, it is easily adapted to work with a variety of CSV formats. The csv library contains objects and other code to read, write, and process data from and to CSV files.

A function is a block of code which only runs when it is called. You can pass data, known as parameters, into a function. A function can return data as a result.

There are several built-in modules in Python, which you can import whenever you like. (Eg: Random, DateAndTime..)

Python provides inbuilt functions for creating, writing, and reading files. There are two types of files that can be handled in python, normal text files and binary files (written in binary language, 0s, and 1s)

Python too supports file handling and allows users to handle files i.e., to read and write files, along with many other file handling options, to operate on files.

The if statement alone tells us that if a condition is true it will execute a block of statements and if the condition is false it won’t. But what if we want to do something else if the condition is false. Here comes the else statement. We can use the else statement with if statement to execute a block of code when the condition is false.

While loop is used to execute a block of statements repeatedly until a given condition is satisfied. And when the condition becomes false, the line immediately after the loop in the program is executed.

To handle the exception, we have put the code, result = numerator/denominator inside the try block. Now when an exception occurs, the rest of the code inside the try block is skipped. The except block catches the exception and statements inside the except block are executed.

The shutil module offers a number of high-level operations on files and collections of files. psutil (process and system utilities) is a cross-platform library for retrieving information on running processes and system utilization (CPU, memory, disks, network, sensors) in Python.

Variables need not be declared first in python. They can be used directly. Variables in python are case-sensitive as most of the other programming languages.

Dictionary in Python is a collection of keys values, used to store data values like a map, which, unlike other data types which hold only a single value as an element.

One way Problem solvers code solutions faster in Python faster than coding solutions in other programming languages is that Python is easy to learn and use. Python programs tend to be shorter and quicker to write than a program which completes a similar function in another languages.

The __str__ method in Python represents the class objects as a string – it can be used for classes.

Sending emails using Python can be accomplished with the built-in smtplib library. And tkinter for interface.

Inheritance is the capability of one class to derive or inherit the properties from another class.

For loops are used for sequential traversal. For example: traversing a list or string or array etc. In Python, there is no C style for loop, i.e., for (i=0; i<n; i++). There is “for in” loop which is similar to for each loop in other languages. Let us learn how to use for in loop for sequential traversals.

Constructors are generally used for instantiating an object. The task of constructors is to initialize(assign values) to the data members of the class when an object of the class is created. In Python the __init__() method is called the constructor and is always called when an object is created.

Python documentation strings (or docstrings) provide a convenient way of associating documentation with Python modules, functions, classes, and methods.

In Python, A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements. The file name is the module name with the suffix .py appended.

A class is a user-defined blueprint or prototype from which objects are created. Classes provide a means of bundling data and functionality together.