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Use cases

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snidersd edited this page Aug 4, 2019 · 60 revisions

Background Information

This page is for creating use cases to test if different proposals for implementing the vocabularies to determine if they can work.

Each use case should have a description, link to the requirement or easy language requirement, and two code examples. Code examples should include the data-* attribute and an example using the minimum number of attributes possible.

Links:

Summary

  • A single attribute can be used for many tokens if they are able to be separated with whitespace. In real life, they have been shown to be confusing to implementors who may not read and understand every word in the specification when the context is not clear
  • a single attribute for may text values: would require a very complex data model if it is even possible - all the disadvantages of value pairs come into play
  • a single attribute for may URI values: would require a very complex data model if it is even possible- all the disadvantages of value pairs come into play

Stories

Easily Distracted / Overwhelmed

Someone who is either easily distracted or can be easily overwhelmed with too much information on a web page needs the ability to simplify the page to just the critical information and suppress anything that is not integral to the understanding and use of the page.

Example #1: You want to get the latest weather report for your city and go to the www.weather.com website. Finding the actual weather forecast is actually a little challenging even if you have no disabilities due to all the advertisements above, beside and below the information you actually want, there is also today's top stories, trending news, and social media to ignore. If you are easily overwhelmed or distracted getting the key information about today's weather is a challenge. Having the ability to personalize and strip away all but the key information (i.e. just the weather forecast for my city) is critical for this user.

In this example the author of this webpage would mark the <section>, <p>, or <div> that contains the actual weather report and any associated tools to manipulate the weather report (i.e. city search, hourly vs. 5 day forecast, etc.) as data-simplification=critical, and mark the other content as medium (default) or low.

For websites which rely on Advertisement revenue, this may be difficult to completely suppress but maybe there is a way to move the most critical sections of a website above anything that is a lower priority.

Difficulty understanding Numbers

Someone who has dyscalculia and therefore has difficulty understanding numbers which means they have a hard time understanding websites that use numbers to convey information. Therefore this numeric information must be provided in an alternative format that the user can understand.

Example: You want to get the latest weather report for your city and go to www.weather.com website. For today’s forecast, it shows a high of 95℉ and a low of 40℉, which is not helpful for this particular user. Allowing this numeric information to be presented instead as an image, symbol, or text would benefit the user (i.e. instead of 95℉, a picture of someone wearing shorts and a tee-shirt with the sun above or simply a text alternative of “Very warm”, and instead of 40℉ a picture of someone wearing a jacket with pants, or a text alternative of “Very cold”. Also for something like the humidity index of 90%, there could be a text alternative of “muggy”.

In this example, the author would have the numbers marked up using data-numberfree where the default would show the numeric value but for those needing an alternative representation for numbers would get an associated image or description to be presented instead.

It is important to note that people with dyscalculia are often very good with words, so long text can be better than short numbers.

Mild-Moderate Language Impairment / Learning Disability

Those who have a moderate Language Impairment / Learning Disability may have a limited vocabulary so they will only know terms that are in the core vocabulary that they have learnt. They also use symbols to represent words and concepts.

So they may know the word name, or last name, but have not learnt the term "family name". learning new terms is very slow, requiring hours of work. Reading is also very slow so finding the right information can be a barrier. Symbols help people get to the section they need faster.

Solutions

  1. The ability to personalize a webpage and present symbols instead can help those easily understand the content being provided

Example: Marking up the Help button so the user agent can render a familiar term and allow the Symbol for help. EG <a action=help>support /</a> may be rendered as / ? help (possibly as a tool tip)

  1. allow the author to add a simple language equivalent to complex but important text h1 easylang="form to ask for money if you have a disability or if you are ill">Disability claims under CD 356 / US </h1> here the user agent could replace the complex text with the simple text or put the simple text in a popup note the easy text may be longer.

Note some people with language disabilities are good at numbers, so sometimes you will replace a long text with a short number <span easylang=">90% of the time this happens"> normaly this is expected </span> Note this is the opposite of the numberfree example.

  1. Because reading is so slow they will also want less content and features as per the above use case

Severe Language Impairment

Those who have a severe speech and physical impairment the use of symbols to represent words is their primary means of communication for both consuming and producing information. Some users communicate through the use of symbols, rather than written text, as part of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system. Symbol users face a wide variety of barriers to accessing web content, but one of the main challenges is a lack of standard interoperability or a mechanism for translating how a concept is represented in one symbol set to how it may be represented in another symbol set.

Examples include:

  • an assisted living home make adult education course and life-skills content. For example, they have content on how to make dinner using a microwave, but they have people who can read different symbols. They need content to be able to work for all their users. sometimes the symbols or pictures used are unique to the user, such as the picture of the actual person phone or cup etc.

  • People who know different symbol sets wish to talk to each other

  • A government agency are making information sheets about human rights and patient rights. they add symbols for lots of different users but they wish people who can read different symbols to be able to read it as well.

  • A large banking site wants people to be as autonomous as possible and use their services. they have augmented symbol references onto their core services.

It should be noted that the users who depend on symbols the most may struggle the most with miss translations, as they have severe language disabilities inferring what was meant by use of an incorrect symbol will not be achievable for many users. This rules out relying on machine learning until it stops making errors.

The task force understands that making a scalable solution may, therefore, make a solution not useable for the earlier use cases. We may need a multi-phase solution so that the earlier usecase are supported sooner.

**Solutions for Symbol **

Map symbol libraries to common concepts, so that symbols can be accurately converted to text in any language and then presented to other users in their preferred symbol library. The ability to personalize a webpage and present symbols instead can help those easily understand the content being provided.

Example: In this example the author would add symbol=”name space references for the image” <img symbol="http://blisssymbolics.org/refnumber/001" href="mysymb.bmp">

When there is more than one concept, multiple concepts can be referenced by separating them with white space. The order of multiple concepts should be subject predicate object. Both omissions and multiple triples are allowed.

Note that a unicef consortium is mapping the different open symbol libraries to a reference symbol (at blisssymbolics) to enable this. See the implementations page

Working Memory and Short-term Memory Impairment

Users may have differences in both working and short-term memory. For some users the duration of working memory may be shorter than the average which is between 10-15 seconds. For some users the duration of short-term memory may be shorter than the average which is between 15-30 seconds.

Example: Many processes consist of a sequence of separate steps or actions which must be performed by a user to complete a process or workflow. Users must be able to remember completed tasks in order to identify their location in a process. In addition, a user must be able to navigate to completed tasks to make modifications or corrections.

Solution: stepIndicator allows an author to define steps within a process or represent an entire user path outside of the context of a defined process, including steps between defined processes into breadcrumbs or linked steps that identify completed tasks. This allows the user to navigate back to completed steps and identify a user's current location in a path.

  • stepIndicator
  • step
  • stepLocation
  • stepStatus
  • stepNumber

Single issue Use Cases

Simplification

Use case: The user would prefer to see only the critical information and required fields to complete a task.

Original

<div>
  <form action="#" method="post"><br /> 
    <p>Enter your e-mail address to subscribe to our mailing list.</p><br /> 
    <label for="address">Enter email address:</label>
    <input type="text" id="address" name="address"/></p><br />
    <input type="submit" value="Subscribe" />
  </form>
</div>

AUI Attributes

<div>
  <form action="#" method="post"><br /> 
    <p>Note: [*]denotes mandatory field</p>
    <p>Enter your e-mail address to subscribe to our mailing list.</p><br /> 
    <label for="address">Enter email address:</label>
    <input type="text" id="address" name="address" aui-field="email" aui-simplification="critical" aria- 
    required="true"/>[*]</p><br />
    <input type="submit" aui-simplification="critical" value="Subscribe" />
    <br /> 
  </form>
</div>

#Two token use cases

Simplification and field

Use case: The user would prefer to see only the critical information and required fields to complete a task.

Original b

<div>
  <button id="1">send</button>
  <button id="2">undo</button>
  <button id="3">lable</button>
  <button id="4">send later</button>
  <button id="5">mark urgentr</button>
</div>

AUI Attributes - b

<div>
  <input type="submit" aui-simplification="critical" aui-action="send" value="send" />
  <button id="2" aui-simplification="high" aui-action="undo">undo</button>
  <button id="3" aui-simplification="normal">lable</button>
  <button id="4" aui-simplification="normal">send later</button>
  <button id="5" aui-simplification="normal" >mark urgentr</button>
</div>

3 Attributes - b

<div>
  <input type="submit" context ="critical send" value="send" />
  <button id="2" context="high undo">undo</button>
  <button id="3" context="normal">lable</button>
  <button id="4" context="normal">send later</button>
  <button id="5" context="normal" >mark urgentr</button>
</div>

Content Filtering (inception)

User may have sensitivity to certain words or topics; based on personal preference, culture or disability which are expressed on a page using text, images or video.

Given one or more strings representing a specified word or category, for example, content marked as explicit, violent, etc., hide or remove that string and associated elements from the DOM.

  • aui-action = hide
  • URI = JSON file of words

Consideration: How are we bringing in data sets to support use cases that depend on external data, for example, symbols or simple language vocabularies? Is this through separate JS or is the vision to have that abstracted by the implementation.

Alternative (by lisa) aui-trigers = list of words

at the user end the content will be hiden under a warning button if any of the words match a word idendetifed as a tiger in the user prefrences

for example aui-trigers = "violent rape"

Two text field Use Cases

Numberfree and extrahelp

This example proved much harder to create than I expected. I will admit that I am still confused at how to create the examples and am not confident that these are correct. I also intended to have this be an example that needed two types of replacement but when I implemented it, I realized I could split it into two separate substitutions. becky

The user needs content that does not use numbers and needs extra help and information to complete a task.

Original

<div>
     7 out of 10 people order pizza with some kind of meat topping. 
     Select the toppings below in order of preference that you would 
     order on pizza.
</div>
<form>
  sophisticated form to select/rank pizza toppings in order of preference
</form>

3 Attributes

<div>
   <span context="numberfree" easylang="most people">
       7 out of 10 people
   </span> 
   order pizza with some kind of meat topping. 
   <span context="extrahelp" reference="href-to-simplifiedInstructions">
       Select the toppings below in order of preference that you would order on pizza.
   </span>
</div>

AUI Attributes

<div>
  <span aui-numberfree="Most people">
     7 out of 10 people
  </span> 
  order pizza with some kind of meat topping. 
  <span aui-extrahelp="href-to-simplifiedInstructions">
     Select the toppings below in order of preference that 
     you would order on pizza.
  </span>
</div>

Numberfree and easylang

Use case: The user prefers alternative text that does not use numerical concepts as well content that is easier to read and understand.

Original

<p>
   Comparing the present clock-reported time which is 5 minutes
   after 09:00 AM with what we previously discussed 
   yesterday, and made an agreement about, 
   it seems that I myself may not be exactly on schedule
</p>

AUI Attributes

<div>
    <span easylang="I'm running late">
        Comparing the present clock-reported time which is 
        <span aui-numberfree="midmorning">
           5 minutes after 09:00 AM
        </span> 
        with what we previously discussed 
        yesterday, and made an agreement about, it seems that 
        I myself may not be exactly on schedule
    </span>
</div>

Numberfree and easylang 2

Use case: we have two use cases

A. The user prefers alternative text that is easy to read and understand but is good with numbers (eg dyslexic)

Original 2.a

<p>
   Comparing the present clock-reported time 
   you many wish to come a bit later than the normal time.
</p>

AUI Attributes 2.a.1

<div>
  <span aui-easylang="come to the meeting at 9:10">
       Comparing the present clock-reported time you many wish 
       to come a bit later then the normal time
  </span> 
</div>

three attribute 2.a.2

<div>
    <span easylang="come to the meeting at 9:10">
        Comparing the present clock-reported time 
        you many wish to come a bit later then the normal time
    </span> 
</div>

B: the user can understand words well but has dyscalculia and does not understand numbers

Original 2.b

<p>
  meeting is starting 10 minutes late
</p>

AUI Attributes 2.b.1

<div>
   <span aui-easylang="come a bit later then the normal time - enough time for a cup of tea... ">
      meeting is starting 10 minutes late
   </span> 
</div>

three attribute 2.b.2

<div>
  <span easylang="come a bit later then the normal time - enough time for a cup of tea... " context="numbers">
     meeting is starting 10 minuets late
  </span> 
</div>

Three text fields usecases

feedback, explain and easy lang

Use case: The user needs

  • easy language and
  • a bit more information about how the interface works
  • what just happened - i.e. did they need to click something else, did it work?

In this example search criteria in one part of a page controls the results in anther region which showes the side effects of a drug. Other buttons may show dosage etc in the results region

Original

<input  
  aui-context ="critical" value="refresh" aria-controls="region2" 
/>

aui-

<input  aui-simplification="critical"  
  aui-feedback="the results now are for ibuprofen side effect" 
  value="refresh" 
  aria-controls="region2" 
  aui-easyLang="get the side effects" 
  aui-explain="press this button to see the side effects of a drug"  
/>

3 Attributes

I could not do this in three attributes. So I did what I could

<input  
   context="critical" 
   aui-feedback="the results now are for ibuprofen side effect" 
   value="refresh" 
   aria-controls="region2" 
   aui-easyLang="get the side effects" 
   aui-explain="press this button to see the side effects of a drug"  
/>

more then one URI use case

symbol and extra help

Use case: The user needs

  • symbols
  • extra text and help

Original

<div>
  <strong>warning</strong> 
  in the event of a siren go to the designated protected area
</div>

aui-

<div>
  <strong region="warning">warning</strong> 
  <span aui-symbol="blis.org/siren"> in the event of a siren </span>
  <span aui-symbol="blis.org/goto"> go to </span>
  <span aui-symbol="blis.org/shelter" 
    aui-extrahelp=mysite/whatisashelter-easylang.html">the designated protected area
  </span>
</div>

three attibutes

I could not do it in three

this is the best I can do

<div> 
  <strong  context="warning">warning</strong> 
  <span reference="blis.org/siren">in the event of a siren</span>   
  <span reference="blis.org/goto"> go to </span>
  <span reference="blis.org/shelter" extrahelp=mysite/whatisashelter-easylang.html">
    the designated protected area
  </span> 
</div>

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