32. Common OpenOCD errors

Common OpenOCD Errors

OpenOCD errors often look more complicated than the real problem.

Many failures are physical connection problems.

Adapter Not Found

The OS may not see the ST-LINK, or permissions/drivers may be missing.

Check the platform README for Windows Device Manager, Linux lsusb / udev, or macOS System Information.

Target Not Found

OpenOCD sees the adapter but cannot connect to the VCU MCU.

Common causes:

• wrong connection mode;
• unstable SWDIO / SWCLK / GND;
• bad C45 timing;
• VCU not powered;
• reset line held incorrectly.

Verify Failed

The flash completed but verification did not match.

Treat this seriously. Check wiring and do not assume the flash is good.

Read Protection / Protection Errors

x3utils does not use unlock or mass erase in normal dump paths.

If the target is protected, dumping should fail safely rather than erase firmware.

What To Do First

Return to the simplest test: make option 2 complete a full dump reliably.