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JimGat edited this page Jul 28, 2026 · 1 revision

Drone Research

CYM has two drone-related features accessible from WiFi → Drone Stuff:

Feature Mode Description
Drone Detector Passive ASTM F3411 Remote ID scanner — detects drones via BLE and WiFi
Drone Spoof Active TX Broadcasts a synthetic Remote ID beacon over BLE or WiFi

Legal notice: Drone Spoof transmits RF signals. Broadcasting a false Remote ID that represents a drone you do not operate may be illegal under your local aviation authority regulations. Always ensure explicit authorization before operating outside a shielded lab environment.


Drone Detector

Drone Detector is a passive Remote ID scanner. It alternates between a WiFi promiscuous phase and a BLE scan phase, looking for the operator ID, UAS serial number, GPS location, altitude, and speed that regulations in most jurisdictions now require drones to broadcast in real time.

No transmissions are made — the detector is entirely passive.

Two scan phases run in a continuous loop

Phase Duration What it captures
WiFi promiscuous 10 s Beacon/management frames on 2.4 GHz ch 1/6/11 + 5 GHz UNII-1 (36/40/44/48) + UNII-3 (149/153/157/161/165)
BLE extended scan 5 s BLE 5.0 extended advertising on 1M + Coded PHY (legacy 1M-only fallback when ext adv is unavailable)

What gets detected

Signal Standard / Source Decodes
BLE service UUID 0xFFFA service-data AD ASTM F3411 (DJI, Autel, Parrot, Skydio, Holy Stone, ...) Full Remote ID: operator ID, UAS serial, location, altitude, speed, timestamp
BLE manufacturer data, company 0x0E00, code 0x0D Legacy OpenDroneID alternate form Same as above
BLE OUI 48:1C:B9 or service UUID 0xFFF0 DJI presence beacon Labels "DJI drone (BLE)"; RID payload parsed if included
WiFi beacon ODID management IE 0xFA 0x0B 0xBC ASTM F3411 over WiFi Full Remote ID message
WiFi NAN SDF frame, service 50:6F:9A NAN-based Remote ID Full Remote ID message
WiFi vendor IE 0xDD, OUI 26:37:12 DJI proprietary DroneID Presence + 16-byte ASCII serial; lat/lon best-effort

DJI caveat

The DJI Mini 4 Pro (and other recent DJI models using OcuSync 4) do not broadcast standard OpenDroneID in flight. Their Remote ID is embedded in the encrypted OcuSync 4 link, which is not decodable by the ESP32 or commodity hardware. CYM will detect these drones on the ground via their BLE pairing/presence beacon. A drone with a standards-compliant Remote ID (required by ASTM F3411 / EU 2019/945) will be detected at range in both phases.

Detail view

Tap any row in the drone list to open a detail screen showing all decoded fields:

  • UAS ID / operator ID / serial number
  • Location (lat, lon), altitude (m), speed (m/s), heading
  • ID type, category, classification
  • Source (BLE / WiFi), RSSI, packet count, last seen

Output logs

Saved to /sdcard/lab/dronedetect/:

  • drone_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.pcap — raw BLE advertising packets (Kismet PCAPNG format)
  • drone_YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS.json — parsed Remote ID records for all detected drones

Research use cases

Counter-UAS detection at events
Set up CYM at a venue perimeter. Any F3411-compliant drone approaching within BLE range (~100 m line-of-sight for extended advertising) or WiFi promiscuous range appears in the list with its declared identity — operator ID, UAS serial, GPS coordinates, and altitude. Tap the row for a full detail view. Logs persist to SD for post-event review.

Drone inventory at an authorized facility
During a physical security assessment, map all drones operating on site. Cross-reference operator IDs against the facility's approved drone operator list. Any drone whose operator ID doesn't match the authorized list is flagged. The log timestamps let you reconstruct each drone's presence window.

Remote ID receiver testing
Verify that a Remote ID receiver (display app, FAA-approved receiver, ground station) correctly receives and parses ASTM F3411 data from multiple simultaneous sources. Run Drone Detector on CYM alongside the receiver under test — CYM's decoded output is the reference you compare against.


Drone Spoof

Drone Spoof broadcasts a synthetic ASTM F3411 Remote ID beacon, making receivers see a drone that does not physically exist. The transmission uses the same protocol as a real ASTM F3411-compliant drone.

For authorized RF research, receiver testing, and counter-UAS regulation compliance validation only. Do not transmit outside a shielded environment without explicit regulatory authorization.

Configurable fields

Field What it controls
UAS ID 20-byte drone serial / operator identifier broadcast in the beacon
Operator ID 20-byte operator identification string
Latitude Spoofed GPS latitude of the "drone" position
Longitude Spoofed GPS longitude
Altitude Barometric/GPS altitude in meters
Speed Ground speed in m/s
Heading Horizontal heading in degrees

Broadcast modes

BLE mode — Broadcasts an ASTM F3411 Remote ID message as a BLE extended advertising packet with service UUID 0xFFFA in the service-data AD. Received by any standards-compliant Remote ID app or receiver within BLE range.

WiFi mode — Broadcasts a management frame beacon containing an ODID IE (0xFA 0x0B 0xBC type tag). Covers receivers monitoring WiFi channel 6 (the standard Remote ID channel).

Research use cases

Remote ID receiver compliance testing
Set up a spoofed Remote ID beacon with known field values and verify that a receiver app or ground station correctly parses every field — UAS ID, operator ID, coordinates, altitude, speed, and heading. Compare parsed output against the configured values. This validates the receiver before deploying it in an operational context.

Counter-UAS response testing
Inject a synthetic drone into a counter-UAS system's detection envelope. Observe how the system responds: does it trigger an alert? Does it correctly classify the threat level? Does the alert clear when the beacon stops? Authorized counter-UAS operators use this to validate their detection thresholds without flying a real drone.

Regulation research and compliance gap analysis
Broadcast Remote ID beacons with edge-case field values (operator ID with special characters, altitude below ground level, coordinates outside the test area's geofence) and observe how enforcement tools handle them. Identifies parsing gaps in deployed receiver software.

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