Audit Tense Number Gender

Audit: tense, number and gender in the paths

Owner's question (2026-10-23): "Are we teaching tense, number, gender properly? In each of the courses?"

Scope (owner, 2026-10-23). Path files only: decks/<lang>/<lang>-path.yaml, read on main, with Plan: Language Paths Scheme and Plan: Words, Rules, Sentences. No deck contents were read: no card counts, no table coverage, no note sampling. Correctness of notes stays with each batch's review, so no course is marked "wrong" here.

Status words. Written: the grammar unit lists decks that exist. Planned: the unit is planned: (marked * below). Missing: no unit names the topic. Check: the path does not show whether another unit covers it. "Order" is the path's order; a unit's level is not shown in the sequences.

Courses with written grammar units

Only Telugu has written units through B1. Bengali, Hindustani, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada and Assamese are written to about A2 and planned after. Spanish has two written units. Japanese, Korean and Chinese have paths and no grammar decks.

Tense

Course	Order of tense units (* = planned)	Status	Gaps against B1
te	verb-present, continuous, future, negative, past, past-more, imperatives, verbal-participle, relative-participle, conditional, purpose, before-after, while, causative, concessive, passive	Full to B1, all written	No perfect or past-continuous unit; imperatives come after past
bn	present (+verb-present), continuous, future, past, perfect, past-negative, past-more; past-continuous*, habitual-past*	Written to A2, rest planned	No negative unit for present or future; imperatives*, past-continuous*, habitual-past* come late
hi	present, continuous, future, past, ne + perfect, past-more; imperatives*, past-continuous*, subjunctive*, habitual-past*	Written to A2, rest planned	Habitual past (karta tha) is last in the path, after B1 topics such as passive; subjunctive* is after can-must; no negative unit
mr	present, continuous, future, negative, past, past-more; perfect*, past-continuous*, subjunctive*, habitual-past*	Written to A2, rest planned	Perfect* is after past-more; habitual past last
gu	be, continuous, future, negative, past, past-more; perfect*, past-continuous*, subjunctive*, habitual-past*	Written to A2, rest planned	No present unit (check: continuous may cover it); perfect*, habitual past late
kn	be, continuous, future, negative, past, past-more; perfect*, past-continuous*, subjunctive*, habitual-past*	Written to A2, rest planned	No present unit (check); same late items
as	be, continuous, future, negative, past, past-more; perfect*, past-continuous*, subjunctive*, habitual-past*	Written to A2, rest planned	No present unit (check); same late items
es	present-ar; present-er-ir*, present-irregular*, ir-a*, estar-gerund*, preterite-regular*, preterite-irregular*, imperfect*, present-perfect*, future*, conditional*, subjunctive-present*, pluperfect*, imperfect-subjunctive*	1 unit written, rest planned	No preterite-versus-imperfect unit (French has one); imperatives* after comparison
ja, ko, zh	ja: masu, masu-past, te-form, plain-present, plain-past*; ko: haeyo-present, past, future, progressive*; zh: le, guo, zhe* (aspects, no tenses)	Planned only	Orders look sound; nothing written

Number (plurals and their agreement)

Course	Status	Gaps
te	Full: noun-forms (plural first), gender-number	None at path level
bn	Written: noun-forms (plural first), gender-number	None at path level
hi	Written inside nouns and adjectives	No unit named for number; the Arabic plural -at and broken plurals are planned (arabic-words*); check that nouns teaches the oblique plural
mr, gu, kn, as	Written: nouns, gender-number	as has a gender-number unit but genders: []: the unit can only teach number, so rename it or confirm
es	Planned only inside articles-gender (written) and adjective-agreement*	No plural-of-nouns unit
de, fr, eo, isv	de: plural* (second unit); eo: article-plural*; isv: plural* (second); fr: none	fr has no plural unit; es and fr rely on the article unit
ja, ko, zh	Counters and measure words, no plural (right for the language)	None
pa, or, mai, ml, ta, ine, gmy, egy, sux	Planned: noun-forms or nouns; ta and ml have gender-number*	Nothing written

Gender (noun gender, then agreement)

Course	genders	Agreement units	Status	Gaps
te	mahat, amahat	gender-number, adjectives (written)	Full	Verb agreement sits in the verb-present table, not its own unit
hi	m, f	adjectives (written); ne (written, ergative past); perfect (written)	Written to A2	No gender-number unit; past-continuous* and habitual-past* (agreement forms) planned late
mr	m, f, n	gender-number, adjectives (written)	Written to A2	No ergative-past unit for transitive verbs, which Marathi has; check inside past or past-more
gu	m, f, n	gender-number, adjectives (written)	Written to A2	Same: no ergative unit, though Gujarati has an ergative past
kn	m, f, n	gender-number, adjectives (written)	Written to A2	None at path level
bn, as	none	gender-number unit exists	Correct: no grammatical gender	as unit name implies gender (see Number)
es	m, f	articles-gender (written); adjective-agreement* planned after reflexives	Mostly planned	Adjective agreement comes after the present, preterite is not yet in; planned late for a feature needed in the first lessons
fr, de	m, f (+n)	articles-gender*, adjective-agreement* (fr), adjective-endings* (de)	Planned only	de adjective endings are after past-common: acceptable; fr passe-compose-etre* agreement is listed
pa	m, f	gender-agreement*, ne*	Planned only	Ergative ne planned, good
ta, ml, isv, gmy, ine	m, f, n	gender-number*, gender*	Planned only	Nothing written
ja, zh, ko, tok, jbo, eo, or, mai	none	n/a	Correct	None
egy, sux	m,f / human, non-human	nouns*, ergative* (sux)	Planned only	No explicit gender unit in egy

Ranked gap list

1. Habitual past is last in every Indo-Aryan and Dravidian path (hi, bn, mr, gu, kn, as): after passive and reported speech. A learner at A2 needs "I used to" far earlier. Move it next to past-more.
2. Imperatives are planned after the past in every course with them (hi, bn, mr, gu, kn, as, es, te). Commands are needed from the first lessons (kitchen-help passage); order them with the present.
3. Spanish and French agreement and plurals are late or missing: es has no plural unit and adjective-agreement* follows reflexives; es has no preterite-versus-imperfect unit. Only one Spanish grammar unit is written.
4. Ergative past is not named in Marathi and Gujarati (Hindi has ne; Punjabi plans ne*). Add a topic or confirm past or past-more covers it.
5. Gujarati, Kannada and Assamese have no present unit (Hindustani, Marathi, Bengali and Telugu do), and Hindustani has no number or gender-number unit; Assamese's gender-number unit has no genders to teach.

Smaller: Telugu has no perfect or past-continuous unit; Bengali has no present or future negative; perfect* sits after past-more in mr, gu, kn and as.