-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 221
vs ulixee hero
invisible_playwright and Ulixee Hero both automate a browser that reads as an ordinary one, but they differ in where the fingerprint is produced. Ulixee Hero replays real-browser data captured in its datasets onto a stock headless Chromium at the automation layer; invisible_playwright decides each value natively inside a patched Firefox, so there is no injected override for a consistency check to catch. They get there from opposite directions, and the difference is architectural rather than cosmetic, so it is worth naming precisely instead of ranking the two on a feature grid.
Ulixee Hero (about 1,551 stars at the time of writing) drives Chromium and sources its stealth from emulation data. invisible_playwright drives a Firefox that was patched at the C++ level, and decides each value inside the engine. This page is about what that distinction actually changes when a page inspects you, and where it does not help at all.
Hero is a scriptable headless browser with its own high-level API, built around Chromium. Its own README is direct about both halves of the design: "The powerful Chrome engine sits under the hood," and its realism comes from captured "Browser Profile Data" collected through the project's Unblocked and DoubleAgent datasets. Those datasets record how real browsers actually answer the questions a detector asks, and Hero replays the recorded answers.
That is a coherent and honest design. It also fixes the shape of the comparison: a captured value has to be applied to a running headless Chromium somewhere above the engine, because the engine itself is stock. The value is replayed, not produced.
This is the whole comparison, so here it is plainly.
Emulation-from-captured-data means: a real browser once reported some GPU string, some canvas output, some set of navigator properties, and that recording is now applied on top of a headless Chromium at automation time. The engine underneath would answer differently on its own, so something has to sit between the engine and the page and substitute the recorded answer.
Deciding the value in C++ means: the engine is modified so that the answer it produces natively is the answer you want. There is no substitution step, because nothing is being corrected after the fact. The property is not overridden on the way out; it is what the engine computes.
Both can yield the same string in the report. The difference is whether a seam exists between "what the engine would say" and "what the page is told," because a seam is a thing a detector can look for.
Modern detection stopped reading values a while ago and started asking whether a value was tampered with. This is exactly what CreepJS is built to do: it takes a clean copy of the built-ins from a fresh iframe, walks descriptors and prototypes, inspects stack traces, and checks whether a function that should be native still looks native. It is not asking "is this GPU unusual," it is asking "was this getter replaced."
Anything that replays a captured value onto a stock engine has to install that value
through some override, and an override is precisely the artifact this class of check is
hunting: a property descriptor that is not shaped like the engine's own, a toString that
no longer reads as native code, a stack frame that appears where a genuine call would not
have one. A perfectly accurate replayed value can still be caught by the seam used to
replay it, not by the value.
When the value is decided in the engine instead, there is no override to find. The getter is the engine's own getter, native by construction, because nothing patched it at runtime. That does not make a browser magically undetectable, but it removes an entire category of tell: the one that fires on the mechanism of spoofing rather than on the content of it. This is also why the engine choice matters underneath all of it - a stock Chromium is not the Chrome a real user runs, and Firefox versus Chromium is a structural decision, not a preference.
Here is the practical side, using the real API. Switching an existing Playwright script is
two lines, and the returned object is a genuine Playwright Browser with every standard
method:
from invisible_playwright import InvisiblePlaywright
with InvisiblePlaywright(seed=42) as browser:
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")
page.click("#submit") # mouse arcs to the button on a Bezier curveThe seed is the reproducibility knob. Every fingerprint field - GPU, canvas hash, audio
context, fonts, screen - is derived from it, so the same seed gives the same machine on
every run. That is what turns a flaky failure into a debuggable one: you can replay the
exact identity that failed instead of hoping the next random draw reproduces it.
If you do not pass a seed you still get one; log it to replay the session later:
sf = InvisiblePlaywright()
with sf as browser:
print("seed =", sf.seed)
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")Async is the same shape, so async test suites port without a rewrite:
from invisible_playwright.async_api import InvisiblePlaywright
async with InvisiblePlaywright(seed=42) as browser:
page = await browser.new_page()
await page.goto("https://example.com")Because the browser object is a real Playwright
Browser, nothing above this line
changes: your existing page objects, selectors and fixtures keep working. There is no
separate automation dialect to learn, which is a difference from a tool that ships its own
API.
None of the above touches your exit address, and that is the caveat to keep in front of you. invisible_playwright decides the browser; it does not decide the network. A natively-consistent Firefox coming from a datacenter range that a scoring system already distrusts will still lose, and it will lose for a reason no fingerprint field can fix.
Around 90% of proxies are public, which means their addresses are known and blocked before you send a single request through them, so pairing a good browser with a bad exit throws away the browser. Configuration covers how the timezone is derived from the egress IP so the two stories agree, and the broader point is worth stating flat: the engine layer and the network layer are separate problems, and a browser that wins on one can still be sunk by the other.
- Have existing Playwright code and want to keep it? invisible_playwright is a two-line launch swap; Hero has its own API, so adopting it means writing against that API instead.
- Committed to Chromium for a specific reason? Hero is a Chromium tool by design; this project is Firefox. If your target genuinely requires the Chromium engine, that decides it regardless of the stealth layer.
- Worried about tamper-detection rather than value-accuracy? This is the axis this page is about: deciding values in the engine removes the injected-override seam that a consistency check hunts for. Weigh that against Hero's captured-data accuracy for your own targets, measured rather than assumed.
- Need the network handled too? Neither tool is your IP layer. Treat the exit as a separate decision either way.
Ulixee Hero and invisible_playwright are both serious answers to the same question, and the honest difference between them is not which reports "better" values. Hero replays values captured from real browsers onto a stock Chromium at the automation layer; this project decides values inside a patched Firefox, so the value is native by construction and there is no injected seam between the engine and the page. That distinction is invisible on a report that only reads values, and it is the whole game on a check that asks whether a value was overridden. Choose on that axis, on the engine you actually need, and remember that neither one is your exit address.
Is Ulixee Hero a Playwright tool? No. It has its own high-level API and drives Chromium under the hood, per its own README. invisible_playwright is a two-line swap on top of stock Playwright.
What is the real difference between them? Where the value is produced. Hero replays captured browser-profile data onto a stock engine; this project decides the value inside a patched Firefox, so there is no runtime override to detect.
Does replaying a captured value get detected? Not for being wrong - the value can be accurate. It can be caught by the override used to apply it, which is exactly what a consistency check like CreepJS inspects for.
Does invisible_playwright use Chromium? No, it is Firefox patched at the C++ level. If your target specifically needs the Chromium engine, that is a reason to look elsewhere.
Will either of these fix a bad IP? No. Both are browser-layer tools. A datacenter or already-blocked exit sinks a perfect browser, and that is a separate problem.
Can I reproduce an exact run for debugging? With invisible_playwright, yes - pass a
seed and every fingerprint field comes back identical, so a failed run replays exactly.
- Ulixee Hero's own GitHub README, for "The powerful Chrome engine sits under the hood," its captured "Browser Profile Data," and the Unblocked and DoubleAgent datasets it draws that data from. Star count read from the repository at the time of writing.
- This project's own CreepJS notes for what a tamper check inspects and why an override is the artifact it hunts, rather than the value.
- This project's Quickstart and Configuration for the real API used in the examples above.
- Playwright's own
Browserclass reference, for the stock object the examples above hand back unchanged. - Playwright's sync and async Python API, for the parity behind the async example above.
See also: three ways to make Playwright undetected for where an engine-level patch sits relative to a data-replay approach, and why a stock Chromium is not the Chrome a real user runs for the engine gap underneath any Chromium-based tool.
Written while maintaining invisible_playwright, a Firefox patched at the C++ level driven by stock Playwright. The comparison here is the one that matters: a value decided in the engine has no injected seam, and a value replayed onto a stock engine does.
Documentation
Guides
-
Browser Identity
- navigator.webdriver is not the tell you think it is
- hardwareConcurrency, deviceMemory and storage quota
- Screen size and viewport tells in headless browsers
- Playwright headless vs headed: what detectors see
- Playwright User Agent: Why You Should Not Set It
- Client Hints and Sec-Fetch: headers that must agree
- Codec fingerprinting: canPlayType and MediaCapabilities
- Permissions API: the two answers that must agree
- CSS fingerprinting: what media queries reveal
- What privacy.resistFingerprinting actually does
- speechSynthesis.getVoices() returns an empty array
- Browser extensions are a fingerprint surface
- BFCache and pageshow.persisted under browser automation
- Service workers, storage partitioning and automation
- Web Workers: where page-level fingerprint patches fail
- fake-useragent is archived: what changes and what doesn't
- navigator.buildID and the stale build date tell
- navigator.maxTouchPoints and pointer consistency
- navigator.platform and oscpu on a spoofed OS
- navigator.vendor and productSub: the Firefox tells
- Accept-Language header vs navigator.languages
- window.devicePixelRatio: the pref that spoofs it
- Can you be fingerprinted in incognito mode?
- Is changing the user agent enough to avoid detection?
- Can a website tell you are running on a server?
- Can two devices share a browser fingerprint?
- Does clearing cookies stop fingerprint tracking?
- Color-gamut and HDR media queries as a fingerprint
- Battery API fingerprint: does Firefox expose it?
- Is navigator.connection a fingerprint in Firefox?
- Can the Gamepad API fingerprint or detect a bot?
- Do accelerometer and gyroscope APIs leak on desktop?
- prefers-reduced-motion and other OS-setting tells
- Does storage quota estimate reveal disk size?
- Can scrollbar width reveal my operating system?
-
Canvas, WebGL, Fonts and Audio
- Canvas fingerprint noise: why per-call randomising fails
- Firefox WebGL renderer strings: what ANGLE reports
- WebGL parameters: the numbers are the same on every GPU
- Your renderer string says NVIDIA. Your pixels say software.
- Why headless browsers render different fonts
- How to make Linux and macOS report real Windows fonts
- measureText and TextMetrics as a fingerprinting surface
- AudioContext fingerprinting, and why adding noise backfired
- Canvas and WebGL fingerprints, identical across OSes
- Emoji fingerprinting: why emoji look the same on any OS
- Detecting installed fonts in JavaScript by width
- WebGL shader precision as a fingerprint surface
- AudioContext sampleRate and latency as a fingerprint
- Is WebGPU a browser fingerprint?
-
Network, Proxy and WebRTC
- WebRTC leak with a proxy in Playwright and Selenium
- WebRTC ICE candidate spoofing: the fields that give it away
- Playwright proxy in Python: per-context, and what leaks
- Playwright proxy not working? SOCKS5 auth in Python
- Playwright timezone does not match the proxy IP
- JA3 and JA4: why a TLS fingerprint cannot be patched
- Playwright in Docker: it runs, and still gets blocked
- Web scraping keeps getting blocked with good proxies
- Python web scraping blocked? The TLS fingerprint reason
- SOCKS5 vs HTTP proxy: what each does in the browser
- WebRTC IPv6 leak: why a proxy does not stop it
- HTTP/2 fingerprint: the layer above the TLS handshake
- TLS fingerprint vs User-Agent: the contradiction
- WebRTC has no ICE candidates behind a proxy
- WebRTC IP that matches the proxy exit, by design
- How to check if a proxy leaks your real IP
- about:webrtc: read your real ICE candidates
- Offline timezone resolution from a proxy exit IP
- Residential vs datacenter vs mobile proxies explained
- Sticky vs rotating proxy sessions: which to use
- Does a proxy leak DNS? DoH and DNS leaks explained
- HTTP/3 and QUIC fingerprint: what a site sees
- What is ASN and IP reputation in bot detection?
- What does a mobile carrier IP look like to a site?
- IPv6 vs IPv4: which does your proxy expose?
- Geolocation API vs IP location: keep them consistent
- Does chaining two proxies help avoid detection?
-
The Automation Layer
- Function.prototype.toString and the [native code] check
- The ChromeDriver
cdc_variable, and why renaming it fails - Why an attached debugger makes automation detectable
- Execution context was destroyed, and when it means detection
- Human-like mouse movement: Bezier curves are the easy part
- Why a Playwright upgrade broke 97 of 133 tests overnight
- Playwright persistent profile: what it fixes and breaks
- Why humanized mouse movement can fail on hover()
- Why content_frame() returns None for a cross-origin iframe
- Orphaned Firefox processes on Windows: the killed-runner leak
- Firefox launches but Playwright can't drive it: packaging gap
- Why automating login is riskier than reusing a session
- Playwright new_page vs new_context: the viewport tell
- Playwright dialog and popup handling without a tell
- Playwright download files with Firefox and the tell
- Playwright connect_over_cdp does not work with Firefox
- Playwright mobile emulation on Firefox and isMobile
- Playwright isTrusted: are automated clicks real?
- Playwright set_input_files uploads and the tell
- Can websites detect Playwright? What is actually visible
- Does Playwright Set navigator.webdriver to True?
- Does Playwright Leave Traces a Website Can See?
- Does Playwright Change My Browser Fingerprint?
- Can I Use My Real Browser Profile With Playwright?
- Does Playwright Support Firefox Stealth?
- Is Playwright Firefox Harder to Detect Than Chromium?
- Does Playwright Get Detected on the First Request?
- Why Playwright's bundled Firefox is easy to detect
- ghost-cursor human mouse paths with Playwright
- Stock Playwright, patched Firefox: how they connect
- Intercept and mock network requests with page.route
- Record and replay HTTP traffic with HAR in Playwright
- Record a Playwright trace to debug a failed scrape
- Record a video of a Playwright browser session
- Save and reuse login with storage_state in Playwright
- Read and set cookies in a Playwright context
- Set geolocation and permissions per Playwright context
- Handle HTTP basic auth in Playwright (http_credentials)
- Isolate identities with a browser context per session
- Drag and drop elements in Playwright with drag_to
- When to use an HTTP client vs a real browser
- Migrating from requests + BeautifulSoup to a browser
-
AI Agents and Frameworks
- AI browser agents and stealth: what fits and what does not
- browser-use gets detected: what you can and cannot change
- crawl4ai stealth mode and custom browser engines
- Give a LangChain agent an invisible_playwright browser
- Feed invisible_playwright pages into a RAG index
- Computer-use agents and browser fingerprint detection
- Give an MCP browser server a stealth Firefox engine
- Give each AI agent a reproducible browser identity
- Run parallel browser agents with distinct fingerprints
- Why AI browser agents have their own timing signal
- Running an AI browser agent headless on a server
- Give a browser agent a persistent logged-in session
- smolagents: hand the agent an invisible_playwright tool
- Stagehand and stealth: why a Firefox engine won't drop in
- DOM-reading vs screenshot agents: which stealth helps
- Back a computer-use agent with a real browser engine
- AI agent retry loops trip rate limits, not fingerprints
-
Detectors, Explained
- What bot.sannysoft.com actually checks, row by row
- How CreepJS decides you are lying
- What BotD actually detects, and what it does not
- Why a FingerprintJS visitor ID changes
- reCAPTCHA v3 score: why a fresh browser scores badly
- BrowserLeaks canvas and WebGL hash, explained
- What BrowserLeaks actually tests, surface by surface
- Browser trust scores explained: what the number means
- How do websites detect bots?
- What is a browser fingerprint?
- What data does a website collect about your browser?
- Does a VPN stop browser fingerprinting?
- Do websites know you are using a script?
- How accurate is browser fingerprinting?
- Can a website detect a virtual machine?
- Can websites detect a datacenter or proxy IP?
- getClientRects fingerprinting: subpixel geometry as ID
- Notification.permission as a bot-detection signal
- speechSynthesis voices as a cross-platform fingerprint
- Can a website detect typing by keystroke timing?
- Can a website detect Clipboard API access?
- What are mouse-dynamics behavioural biometrics?
-
Testing and Troubleshooting
- How to test bot detection without a false pass
- Playwright detected as a bot: the checklist to fix it
- Firefox preferences that silently do nothing
- Slow browser launch: a per-request timeout is not a budget
- Playwright screenshot returns noise: readback fix
- Canvas fingerprint changes every run: use a seed
- Playwright TargetClosedError: the causes and the fixes
- Why am I blocked with a clean fingerprint?
- Why Does My Playwright Script Get Blocked?
- Is Playwright headless detectable? What sites check
- Can You Run Playwright Without Being Detected?
- Why Playwright Works Locally but Fails in the Cloud
- Does Playwright Trigger reCAPTCHA More Often?
-
Scraping with Playwright
- How to scrape without getting blocked
- How to scrape a site that blocks headless browsers
- How to scrape infinite scroll pages with Playwright
- How to rotate proxies when scraping with Playwright
- How to scrape data behind a login with Playwright
- How to run Playwright in Docker without getting detected
- How to use invisible_playwright in Docker
- Playwright bot detection: how to avoid it in Python
- How to scrape paginated pages with Playwright
- How to download files with Playwright
- How to upload files with Playwright, and verify it landed
- How to handle cookie consent banners in Playwright
- How to handle popups and modals in Playwright
- How to take full-page screenshots with Playwright
- How to generate a PDF with Playwright and Firefox
- How to wait for content to load in Playwright
- How to retry failed requests when scraping Playwright
- How to scrape pages in parallel with Playwright
- How to rate limit your own Playwright scraper
- How to scrape HTML tables with Playwright
- How to scrape iframe content with Playwright
- How to scrape shadow DOM content with Playwright
- How to capture XHR and API responses in Playwright
- How to scrape geotargeted content with Playwright
- How to scrape real estate listings with Playwright
- How to scrape job postings with Playwright
- How to scrape e-commerce product pages with Playwright
- How to track product prices with Playwright
- How to scrape hotel room prices with Playwright
- How to scrape flight prices with Playwright
- How to scrape classifieds listings with Playwright
- How to scrape vacation rental listings with Playwright
- How to scrape car listings with Playwright
- How to scrape apartment rentals with Playwright
- How to track product stock and restocks with Playwright
- How to scrape location-based store prices with Playwright
- How to scrape flexible-date fare calendars with Playwright
- How to scrape product reviews with Playwright
- How to scrape reviews and ratings with Playwright
- How to scrape news article text with Playwright
- How to scrape business directory listings with Playwright
- How to scrape event and ticket listings with Playwright
- How to scrape restaurant menu data with Playwright
- How to scrape stock and financial data with Playwright
- How to scrape social media profiles with Playwright
- How to scrape forum and community threads with Playwright
- How to scrape image galleries with Playwright
- How to scrape video listings and metadata with Playwright
- How to scrape map-based local results with Playwright
- How to scrape sports scores and stats with Playwright
- How to scrape cryptocurrency prices with Playwright
- How to scrape deals and coupon codes with Playwright
- How to scrape to CSV with Playwright
- How to scrape to JSON Lines with Playwright
- How to scrape into a SQLite database with Playwright
- How to export scraped data to Excel with Playwright
- How to extract JSON-LD structured data with Playwright
- How to extract Open Graph and meta tags with Playwright
- How to extract links and build a crawl frontier in Playwright
- How to scrape RSS and Atom feeds with Playwright
- How to download images in bulk with Playwright
- How to extract clean article text with Playwright
- How to scrape a sitemap.xml with Playwright
- How to scrape into a pandas DataFrame with Playwright
- How to clean scraped prices and dates with Playwright
- Scrape search results by driving a form in Playwright
- Scrape a map-based search with Playwright
- Scrape autocomplete and typeahead inputs with Playwright
- Scrape date-picker calendars with Playwright
- Crawl list pages to detail pages with Playwright
- Scrape lazy-loaded images with Playwright
- Extract data from canvas charts with Playwright
- Scrape a multi-step wizard flow with Playwright
- How to resume an interrupted scrape with Playwright
- Incremental scraping: only new items since last run
- Handle 403 and 429 backoff mid-scrape in Playwright
- Scrape load-more button pages with Playwright
- Scrape nested pagination with Playwright
- Scrape an SPA that changes URL via history API
- Use BeautifulSoup with invisible_playwright
- Run stealth Playwright tests with pytest fixtures
- Run invisible_playwright concurrently with asyncio
- Run invisible_playwright in GitHub Actions CI
- Can you run invisible_playwright serverless?
- Run invisible_playwright in Celery task workers
- Schedule invisible_playwright scrapes with cron
- Run invisible_playwright headful on a server with Xvfb
- Use invisible_playwright in an Airflow DAG
- Combine invisible_playwright with httpx for speed
- Wrap invisible_playwright in a FastAPI service
- Run invisible_playwright in a Jupyter notebook
- Block images to speed up scraping (and when not to)
- Wait for a specific API response in Playwright
Comparisons
- Playwright stealth in Python: three levels that work
- Firefox or Chromium for anti-detect automation
- Chromium is not Chrome, and detectors know the difference
- Playwright stealth vs Camoufox: two patched Firefoxes
- Playwright stealth vs Patchright: driver vs engine
- Playwright stealth vs undetected-chromedriver and nodriver
- playwright-stealth vs a patched engine: page vs browser
- puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth: unmaintained since 2024
- selenium-stealth hasn't been updated since December 2021
- pyppeteer's own maintainer says to switch to Playwright
- invisible_playwright vs rebrowser-patches: the same CDP fix
- invisible_playwright vs fingerprint-suite: injection vs engine
- invisible_playwright vs playwright-with-fingerprints
- invisible_playwright vs Scrapling
- invisible_playwright vs Ulixee Hero
- invisible_playwright vs SeleniumBase UC Mode
- Splash is unmaintained, and it was never a real browser
- invisible_playwright vs DrissionPage
- WebDriver BiDi vs CDP: does the new protocol hide you
- invisible_playwright vs hrequests
- zendriver vs invisible_playwright: Chrome CDP vs Firefox
- botasaurus vs invisible_playwright: framework vs library
- curl_cffi vs invisible_playwright: TLS client vs browser
- pydoll vs invisible_playwright: CDP without a driver
- selenium-driverless vs invisible_playwright stealth
- puppeteer-real-browser vs invisible_playwright
- Migrating from Selenium to Playwright for stealth
- Migrating from Puppeteer to Playwright for stealth
- undetected-chromedriver vs a patched Firefox browser
- scrapy-playwright vs a patched Firefox for stealth
- playwright-extra stealth plugins vs a patched browser
- tls-client vs a real browser: when TLS is enough
- Anti-detect browser or Playwright stealth: which you need
- undetected-playwright vs a patched Firefox binary
Integrations
- Using invisible_playwright with CodeceptJS
- Using invisible_playwright with Crawlee for Python
- Using invisible_playwright with Crawlee for JavaScript
- Using invisible_playwright with scrapy-playwright
- Using invisible_playwright with Robot Framework Browser
- Cypress, WebdriverIO, TestCafe and Nightwatch integration
- Using invisible_playwright with Microsoft's Playwright MCP
- Using the engine from Go, Java, C#, Ruby and Rust
docs/ source folder