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vs hrequests
hrequests pairs a TLS-impersonating HTTP client with a browser mode that injects its fingerprint into the page after launch; invisible_playwright is a single browser whose fingerprint comes from inside a patched engine itself, so there is no injection for a detector to find. hrequests, by daijro, is unusual among the tools on these comparison pages because it is two tools in one package: a TLS-impersonating HTTP client for requests that never open a browser, and an optional browser mode for the pages that need one. That hybrid design is the interesting part, and it means the comparison is really two comparisons, because each mode makes a different trade.
This page walks the two modes, names the seam each one carries, and shows where a fingerprint that lives in the browser engine lands differently. hrequests was last pushed on 2024-12-01 at time of writing, so this is a comparison of a real, working project against a different architecture, not a claim that anything is abandoned.
hrequests wraps two capabilities behind one requests-shaped API. The first is an HTTP
client that impersonates a real browser's TLS and HTTP/2 handshake, so a plain get
carries a handshake that matches the user agent it claims. The second is a browser
mode, reached by rendering a response, that drives a real browser and applies a
fingerprint generated by BrowserForge, daijro's open-source fingerprint generator, at
the page layer.
The usual flow is to start in the HTTP client, and only escalate to the browser when a page needs JavaScript:
import hrequests
resp = hrequests.get("https://example.com") # TLS-impersonating HTTP, no browser
if "the value you need" not in resp.text:
page = resp.render() # escalate to a real browser
html = page.html
page.close()That escalation is the whole idea, and it is a genuinely good one for the class of target where most pages are static and a few are not. The two comparisons below are about what each half of it costs.
The HTTP client is fast for one concrete reason: it never executes any JavaScript. It does the handshake, sends the request, and hands you the bytes. For a page whose data is already in the initial HTML, that is the correct tool and nothing heavier is justified.
The limit is the same as its speed. A page that builds its content with client-side JavaScript comes back to an HTTP client as a near-empty shell, and a page that runs a script to decide what to serve sees a client that ran no script. This is the TLS-and-headers vs a real engine split that decides whether an HTTP request is enough: matching the handshake gets you past the network layer, but it does not run the page, so anything the page computes in the browser is not there.
So the HTTP mode's trade is explicit: maximum speed, zero JavaScript, and it works exactly up to the point where the target expects a browser to have run something.
When hrequests escalates to its browser mode, the generated fingerprint is applied by injecting it into a running page, the same mechanism every init-script stealth layer uses. The fingerprint values are good, because BrowserForge generates them as a coherent statistical unit rather than a bag of independent random fields. Where they are applied is the seam.
Injection at the page layer means JavaScript runs first inside the real engine and is
then overwritten. A property read after startup returns the injected value, but the
act of overwriting is itself observable: a getter that now lives on the wrong object in
the prototype chain, a toString that no longer reads native, a value that changed
between two reads that should have been identical. This is exactly the class of tell
CreepJS is built to find: it takes a clean copy of the built-ins
from a fresh frame, walks descriptors and prototypes, and records an overwritten or
blocked probe by name. The reported value can be perfect and the fact that it was
reported by an override is still a signal.
None of this makes the injected fingerprint wrong. It makes the injection findable by a detector that looks for the seam rather than the value.
invisible_playwright does not inject a fingerprint into a page. The values are what a patched Firefox returns natively, from inside the C++ engine, so there is no later override to catch: JavaScript in the page reads the spoofed value the first time and every time, and a read is just a read. Stock Playwright drives that engine with no wrapped subset of the API to learn.
Switching from plain Playwright is two lines, and the returned object is a real
Playwright Browser:
from invisible_playwright import InvisiblePlaywright
with InvisiblePlaywright(seed=42) as browser:
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")
page.click("#submit") # mouse arcs to the button on a Bezier curveThe seed is the second difference. One seed derives one coherent identity - GPU, canvas hash, audio context, fonts, screen - and passing the same seed reproduces it field for field, which is what makes a failing run replayable instead of a fresh random draw every time. Behind a proxy the browser timezone is auto-derived from the egress IP by default:
proxy = {"server": "socks5://gate.example.com:1080", "username": "u", "password": "p"}
with InvisiblePlaywright(proxy=proxy, seed=42) as browser:
page = browser.new_page()
page.goto("https://example.com")Because the TLS handshake is Firefox's own real handshake rather than an impersonation of it, the handshake and the user agent tell the same story by construction, which is the network-layer half of what the HTTP mode gets from impersonation and the browser mode has to get separately.
The honest caveat: this is a full browser, so it is heavier and slower than a JavaScript-less HTTP fetch, and it never claims to fix the two things no browser property controls. A datacenter IP is still a datacenter IP, and machine-shaped behaviour is still a signal. A real engine removes the fingerprint seam; it does not remove your address or your mouse path.
The two hrequests modes and invisible_playwright differ on one axis that decides everything: whether JavaScript runs, and if it does, where the fingerprint lives. A mode that runs no script has no JS surface to fingerprint; a mode that injects into a running page leaves an override a detector can find; an engine that returns the value natively leaves no seam.
| What a detector checks | hrequests HTTP mode | hrequests browser mode | invisible_playwright |
|---|---|---|---|
| Runs JavaScript | No | Yes | Yes |
| Network handshake | TLS impersonation | Real browser's handshake | Firefox's own real handshake |
| Where the fingerprint lives | No JS surface to fingerprint | Injected into the running page | Returned natively by the engine |
| Override seam to find | None | Yes, at the injection point | None |
| Relative speed | Fastest | Full browser | Full browser |
The split is clean enough to state as a rule.
Reach for an HTTP client, hrequests' or otherwise, when the data is in the initial HTML and the target does not require a browser to have run. It is faster, lighter, and the right size for that job. Reach for a real browser when the page runs JavaScript to build or gate its content, and at that point the question is where the fingerprint lives: injected into the page after startup, or returned natively by the engine. The first is findable at the seam; the second has no seam to find.
hrequests puts both tools in one package and lets you escalate between them, which is a real convenience. invisible_playwright is only the second tool, and it moves the fingerprint out of the page and into the engine.
hrequests is a hybrid, and each half is a different trade. The HTTP mode is fast because it executes no JavaScript, and it stops working the moment a target expects a browser to have run something. The browser mode injects a well-generated fingerprint at the page layer, which is where a lie-detector looks for the overwrite. invisible_playwright takes the browser-mode job and changes the layer: the fingerprint is what a patched engine returns natively, driven by stock Playwright, reproducible from a seed. If your work is mostly static pages with the occasional dynamic one, the hybrid's escalation is genuinely handy. If it is the dynamic pages that matter, the engine layer is the durable difference.
Is hrequests abandoned? No claim here. Its last push was 2024-12-01 at time of writing, and everything above describes it as a working project with a real design.
What is the actual architectural difference? hrequests' browser mode injects the fingerprint into a running page; invisible_playwright returns the fingerprint from inside the C++ engine, so there is no later override for a detector to catch.
Is the HTTP mode enough on its own? For pages whose data is in the initial HTML, yes, and it is faster than any browser. For pages that build content with client-side JavaScript, no, because an HTTP client runs no script.
Does injecting a good fingerprint pass a strict detector? The value can be perfect
and the injection still leaves a seam - an override on the prototype chain, a toString
that no longer reads native - which is exactly what CreepJS is built to surface.
Can I keep my existing Playwright code? Yes. invisible_playwright returns a real
Playwright Browser, so every method works as documented upstream; the switch is two
lines at launch.
Does a real engine mean I never get blocked? No. It removes the fingerprint seam. It does not change your IP reputation or your behaviour, and both of those are still measured.
- hrequests' own repository and README, read from source, including the last-push date cited above and its description of the HTTP client plus the browser-render mode.
- BrowserForge, the open-source fingerprint generator hrequests uses in its browser mode, described from its own project.
- This project's own quickstart and configuration docs for the API shown, and its detection notes for what an injection seam looks like to a descriptor-walking suite.
See also: when a TLS-matching HTTP request is enough and when it is not, the same generate-then-inject split in another toolkit, and what CreepJS actually inspects.
Written while maintaining invisible_playwright, a Firefox patched at the C++ level driven by stock Playwright. The comparison is with a working project; the durable difference is the layer the fingerprint lives in, not who shipped last.
Documentation
Guides
-
Browser Identity
- navigator.webdriver is not the tell you think it is
- hardwareConcurrency, deviceMemory and storage quota
- Screen size and viewport tells in headless browsers
- Playwright headless vs headed: what detectors see
- Playwright User Agent: Why You Should Not Set It
- Client Hints and Sec-Fetch: headers that must agree
- Codec fingerprinting: canPlayType and MediaCapabilities
- Permissions API: the two answers that must agree
- CSS fingerprinting: what media queries reveal
- What privacy.resistFingerprinting actually does
- speechSynthesis.getVoices() returns an empty array
- Browser extensions are a fingerprint surface
- BFCache and pageshow.persisted under browser automation
- Service workers, storage partitioning and automation
- Web Workers: where page-level fingerprint patches fail
- fake-useragent is archived: what changes and what doesn't
- navigator.buildID and the stale build date tell
- navigator.maxTouchPoints and pointer consistency
- navigator.platform and oscpu on a spoofed OS
- navigator.vendor and productSub: the Firefox tells
- Accept-Language header vs navigator.languages
- window.devicePixelRatio: the pref that spoofs it
- Can you be fingerprinted in incognito mode?
- Is changing the user agent enough to avoid detection?
- Can a website tell you are running on a server?
- Can two devices share a browser fingerprint?
- Does clearing cookies stop fingerprint tracking?
- Color-gamut and HDR media queries as a fingerprint
- Battery API fingerprint: does Firefox expose it?
- Is navigator.connection a fingerprint in Firefox?
- Can the Gamepad API fingerprint or detect a bot?
- Do accelerometer and gyroscope APIs leak on desktop?
- prefers-reduced-motion and other OS-setting tells
- Does storage quota estimate reveal disk size?
- Can scrollbar width reveal my operating system?
-
Canvas, WebGL, Fonts and Audio
- Canvas fingerprint noise: why per-call randomising fails
- Firefox WebGL renderer strings: what ANGLE reports
- WebGL parameters: the numbers are the same on every GPU
- Your renderer string says NVIDIA. Your pixels say software.
- Why headless browsers render different fonts
- How to make Linux and macOS report real Windows fonts
- measureText and TextMetrics as a fingerprinting surface
- AudioContext fingerprinting, and why adding noise backfired
- Canvas and WebGL fingerprints, identical across OSes
- Emoji fingerprinting: why emoji look the same on any OS
- Detecting installed fonts in JavaScript by width
- WebGL shader precision as a fingerprint surface
- AudioContext sampleRate and latency as a fingerprint
- Is WebGPU a browser fingerprint?
-
Network, Proxy and WebRTC
- WebRTC leak with a proxy in Playwright and Selenium
- WebRTC ICE candidate spoofing: the fields that give it away
- Playwright proxy in Python: per-context, and what leaks
- Playwright proxy not working? SOCKS5 auth in Python
- Playwright timezone does not match the proxy IP
- JA3 and JA4: why a TLS fingerprint cannot be patched
- Playwright in Docker: it runs, and still gets blocked
- Web scraping keeps getting blocked with good proxies
- Python web scraping blocked? The TLS fingerprint reason
- SOCKS5 vs HTTP proxy: what each does in the browser
- WebRTC IPv6 leak: why a proxy does not stop it
- HTTP/2 fingerprint: the layer above the TLS handshake
- TLS fingerprint vs User-Agent: the contradiction
- WebRTC has no ICE candidates behind a proxy
- WebRTC IP that matches the proxy exit, by design
- How to check if a proxy leaks your real IP
- about:webrtc: read your real ICE candidates
- Offline timezone resolution from a proxy exit IP
- Residential vs datacenter vs mobile proxies explained
- Sticky vs rotating proxy sessions: which to use
- Does a proxy leak DNS? DoH and DNS leaks explained
- HTTP/3 and QUIC fingerprint: what a site sees
- What is ASN and IP reputation in bot detection?
- What does a mobile carrier IP look like to a site?
- IPv6 vs IPv4: which does your proxy expose?
- Geolocation API vs IP location: keep them consistent
- Does chaining two proxies help avoid detection?
-
The Automation Layer
- Function.prototype.toString and the [native code] check
- The ChromeDriver
cdc_variable, and why renaming it fails - Why an attached debugger makes automation detectable
- Execution context was destroyed, and when it means detection
- Human-like mouse movement: Bezier curves are the easy part
- Why a Playwright upgrade broke 97 of 133 tests overnight
- Playwright persistent profile: what it fixes and breaks
- Why humanized mouse movement can fail on hover()
- Why content_frame() returns None for a cross-origin iframe
- Orphaned Firefox processes on Windows: the killed-runner leak
- Firefox launches but Playwright can't drive it: packaging gap
- Why automating login is riskier than reusing a session
- Playwright new_page vs new_context: the viewport tell
- Playwright dialog and popup handling without a tell
- Playwright download files with Firefox and the tell
- Playwright connect_over_cdp does not work with Firefox
- Playwright mobile emulation on Firefox and isMobile
- Playwright isTrusted: are automated clicks real?
- Playwright set_input_files uploads and the tell
- Can websites detect Playwright? What is actually visible
- Does Playwright Set navigator.webdriver to True?
- Does Playwright Leave Traces a Website Can See?
- Does Playwright Change My Browser Fingerprint?
- Can I Use My Real Browser Profile With Playwright?
- Does Playwright Support Firefox Stealth?
- Is Playwright Firefox Harder to Detect Than Chromium?
- Does Playwright Get Detected on the First Request?
- Why Playwright's bundled Firefox is easy to detect
- ghost-cursor human mouse paths with Playwright
- Stock Playwright, patched Firefox: how they connect
- Intercept and mock network requests with page.route
- Record and replay HTTP traffic with HAR in Playwright
- Record a Playwright trace to debug a failed scrape
- Record a video of a Playwright browser session
- Save and reuse login with storage_state in Playwright
- Read and set cookies in a Playwright context
- Set geolocation and permissions per Playwright context
- Handle HTTP basic auth in Playwright (http_credentials)
- Isolate identities with a browser context per session
- Drag and drop elements in Playwright with drag_to
- When to use an HTTP client vs a real browser
- Migrating from requests + BeautifulSoup to a browser
-
AI Agents and Frameworks
- AI browser agents and stealth: what fits and what does not
- browser-use gets detected: what you can and cannot change
- crawl4ai stealth mode and custom browser engines
- Give a LangChain agent an invisible_playwright browser
- Feed invisible_playwright pages into a RAG index
- Computer-use agents and browser fingerprint detection
- Give an MCP browser server a stealth Firefox engine
- Give each AI agent a reproducible browser identity
- Run parallel browser agents with distinct fingerprints
- Why AI browser agents have their own timing signal
- Running an AI browser agent headless on a server
- Give a browser agent a persistent logged-in session
- smolagents: hand the agent an invisible_playwright tool
- Stagehand and stealth: why a Firefox engine won't drop in
- DOM-reading vs screenshot agents: which stealth helps
- Back a computer-use agent with a real browser engine
- AI agent retry loops trip rate limits, not fingerprints
-
Detectors, Explained
- What bot.sannysoft.com actually checks, row by row
- How CreepJS decides you are lying
- What BotD actually detects, and what it does not
- Why a FingerprintJS visitor ID changes
- reCAPTCHA v3 score: why a fresh browser scores badly
- BrowserLeaks canvas and WebGL hash, explained
- What BrowserLeaks actually tests, surface by surface
- Browser trust scores explained: what the number means
- How do websites detect bots?
- What is a browser fingerprint?
- What data does a website collect about your browser?
- Does a VPN stop browser fingerprinting?
- Do websites know you are using a script?
- How accurate is browser fingerprinting?
- Can a website detect a virtual machine?
- Can websites detect a datacenter or proxy IP?
- getClientRects fingerprinting: subpixel geometry as ID
- Notification.permission as a bot-detection signal
- speechSynthesis voices as a cross-platform fingerprint
- Can a website detect typing by keystroke timing?
- Can a website detect Clipboard API access?
- What are mouse-dynamics behavioural biometrics?
-
Testing and Troubleshooting
- How to test bot detection without a false pass
- Playwright detected as a bot: the checklist to fix it
- Firefox preferences that silently do nothing
- Slow browser launch: a per-request timeout is not a budget
- Playwright screenshot returns noise: readback fix
- Canvas fingerprint changes every run: use a seed
- Playwright TargetClosedError: the causes and the fixes
- Why am I blocked with a clean fingerprint?
- Why Does My Playwright Script Get Blocked?
- Is Playwright headless detectable? What sites check
- Can You Run Playwright Without Being Detected?
- Why Playwright Works Locally but Fails in the Cloud
- Does Playwright Trigger reCAPTCHA More Often?
-
Scraping with Playwright
- How to scrape without getting blocked
- How to scrape a site that blocks headless browsers
- How to scrape infinite scroll pages with Playwright
- How to rotate proxies when scraping with Playwright
- How to scrape data behind a login with Playwright
- How to run Playwright in Docker without getting detected
- How to use invisible_playwright in Docker
- Playwright bot detection: how to avoid it in Python
- How to scrape paginated pages with Playwright
- How to download files with Playwright
- How to upload files with Playwright, and verify it landed
- How to handle cookie consent banners in Playwright
- How to handle popups and modals in Playwright
- How to take full-page screenshots with Playwright
- How to generate a PDF with Playwright and Firefox
- How to wait for content to load in Playwright
- How to retry failed requests when scraping Playwright
- How to scrape pages in parallel with Playwright
- How to rate limit your own Playwright scraper
- How to scrape HTML tables with Playwright
- How to scrape iframe content with Playwright
- How to scrape shadow DOM content with Playwright
- How to capture XHR and API responses in Playwright
- How to scrape geotargeted content with Playwright
- How to scrape real estate listings with Playwright
- How to scrape job postings with Playwright
- How to scrape e-commerce product pages with Playwright
- How to track product prices with Playwright
- How to scrape hotel room prices with Playwright
- How to scrape flight prices with Playwright
- How to scrape classifieds listings with Playwright
- How to scrape vacation rental listings with Playwright
- How to scrape car listings with Playwright
- How to scrape apartment rentals with Playwright
- How to track product stock and restocks with Playwright
- How to scrape location-based store prices with Playwright
- How to scrape flexible-date fare calendars with Playwright
- How to scrape product reviews with Playwright
- How to scrape reviews and ratings with Playwright
- How to scrape news article text with Playwright
- How to scrape business directory listings with Playwright
- How to scrape event and ticket listings with Playwright
- How to scrape restaurant menu data with Playwright
- How to scrape stock and financial data with Playwright
- How to scrape social media profiles with Playwright
- How to scrape forum and community threads with Playwright
- How to scrape image galleries with Playwright
- How to scrape video listings and metadata with Playwright
- How to scrape map-based local results with Playwright
- How to scrape sports scores and stats with Playwright
- How to scrape cryptocurrency prices with Playwright
- How to scrape deals and coupon codes with Playwright
- How to scrape to CSV with Playwright
- How to scrape to JSON Lines with Playwright
- How to scrape into a SQLite database with Playwright
- How to export scraped data to Excel with Playwright
- How to extract JSON-LD structured data with Playwright
- How to extract Open Graph and meta tags with Playwright
- How to extract links and build a crawl frontier in Playwright
- How to scrape RSS and Atom feeds with Playwright
- How to download images in bulk with Playwright
- How to extract clean article text with Playwright
- How to scrape a sitemap.xml with Playwright
- How to scrape into a pandas DataFrame with Playwright
- How to clean scraped prices and dates with Playwright
- Scrape search results by driving a form in Playwright
- Scrape a map-based search with Playwright
- Scrape autocomplete and typeahead inputs with Playwright
- Scrape date-picker calendars with Playwright
- Crawl list pages to detail pages with Playwright
- Scrape lazy-loaded images with Playwright
- Extract data from canvas charts with Playwright
- Scrape a multi-step wizard flow with Playwright
- How to resume an interrupted scrape with Playwright
- Incremental scraping: only new items since last run
- Handle 403 and 429 backoff mid-scrape in Playwright
- Scrape load-more button pages with Playwright
- Scrape nested pagination with Playwright
- Scrape an SPA that changes URL via history API
- Use BeautifulSoup with invisible_playwright
- Run stealth Playwright tests with pytest fixtures
- Run invisible_playwright concurrently with asyncio
- Run invisible_playwright in GitHub Actions CI
- Can you run invisible_playwright serverless?
- Run invisible_playwright in Celery task workers
- Schedule invisible_playwright scrapes with cron
- Run invisible_playwright headful on a server with Xvfb
- Use invisible_playwright in an Airflow DAG
- Combine invisible_playwright with httpx for speed
- Wrap invisible_playwright in a FastAPI service
- Run invisible_playwright in a Jupyter notebook
- Block images to speed up scraping (and when not to)
- Wait for a specific API response in Playwright
Comparisons
- Playwright stealth in Python: three levels that work
- Firefox or Chromium for anti-detect automation
- Chromium is not Chrome, and detectors know the difference
- Playwright stealth vs Camoufox: two patched Firefoxes
- Playwright stealth vs Patchright: driver vs engine
- Playwright stealth vs undetected-chromedriver and nodriver
- playwright-stealth vs a patched engine: page vs browser
- puppeteer-extra-plugin-stealth: unmaintained since 2024
- selenium-stealth hasn't been updated since December 2021
- pyppeteer's own maintainer says to switch to Playwright
- invisible_playwright vs rebrowser-patches: the same CDP fix
- invisible_playwright vs fingerprint-suite: injection vs engine
- invisible_playwright vs playwright-with-fingerprints
- invisible_playwright vs Scrapling
- invisible_playwright vs Ulixee Hero
- invisible_playwright vs SeleniumBase UC Mode
- Splash is unmaintained, and it was never a real browser
- invisible_playwright vs DrissionPage
- WebDriver BiDi vs CDP: does the new protocol hide you
- invisible_playwright vs hrequests
- zendriver vs invisible_playwright: Chrome CDP vs Firefox
- botasaurus vs invisible_playwright: framework vs library
- curl_cffi vs invisible_playwright: TLS client vs browser
- pydoll vs invisible_playwright: CDP without a driver
- selenium-driverless vs invisible_playwright stealth
- puppeteer-real-browser vs invisible_playwright
- Migrating from Selenium to Playwright for stealth
- Migrating from Puppeteer to Playwright for stealth
- undetected-chromedriver vs a patched Firefox browser
- scrapy-playwright vs a patched Firefox for stealth
- playwright-extra stealth plugins vs a patched browser
- tls-client vs a real browser: when TLS is enough
- Anti-detect browser or Playwright stealth: which you need
- undetected-playwright vs a patched Firefox binary
Integrations
- Using invisible_playwright with CodeceptJS
- Using invisible_playwright with Crawlee for Python
- Using invisible_playwright with Crawlee for JavaScript
- Using invisible_playwright with scrapy-playwright
- Using invisible_playwright with Robot Framework Browser
- Cypress, WebdriverIO, TestCafe and Nightwatch integration
- Using invisible_playwright with Microsoft's Playwright MCP
- Using the engine from Go, Java, C#, Ruby and Rust
docs/ source folder