Wanderwort

Wandering loanword = Wanderwort ⋍
Cultural trade word = Kulturwort

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wanderwort, 18 Febr. 2007:

A word that was spread among numerous languages and cultures, usually
in connection with trade, so that it becomes impossible to establish its
original etymology, or even its original language.

Due to it's 3000 year prevalence, Egyptian was central in the distribution of Wanderwords.
In fact most known ancient Wanderwords have a representative in the Egyptian language, and many words in the Egyptian language are themselves super-regional words, connected to wide-spread and well known word-clusters.

some prominent examples are:

𓊅 Burg πύργος púrgos बुर्ज burj бӏов bʿow ܒܘܪܓܐ‎ burgāʾ برج‎ burg بُرْج‎ burj ბურჯი burǯi બુરજ buraj برج‎ birc ⇔ দুর্গ durg tower
𓊅 Burg պուրճ purč պուրջ purǰ бүрҹ / bürc / بۆرج‎ buokšts

𓎛 𓆰 𓈖 𓏌 𓏲 𓈗 𓈘 canal ➙ канал الق.
𓎛 𓆰 𓈖 canna (“cane, reed”), κάννα “reed”, Akkadian 𒄀 (qanû, “reed”), Sumerian 𒄀𒈾 (gi.na)
𓎛 𓆰 𓈖 canna (“cane, plant”) 𒌑 šammu <?> 𒉌 šaman oil
𓎛 𓆰 𓈖 cannabis κάνναβος Hanf hemp 𒋆𒄣𒌦𒈾𒁍 qunnapu ܩܢܦܐ‎ qnpʾ قِنَّب‎ qinnab կանեփ kanepʿ kenevir
𓃹 𓈖 𓃀 𓆰 | flower, plant | نَبَات‎ nabāt ⇔ 𓅘𓎛𓃀𓏏𓆸 bud 𓆹 phyto 𓆰

𓐍 𓈖 𓂋 𓇋 𓍕 𓅪|| criminal , prisoner|Gauner գողանալ ɡɔʁɑnɑl ganove +++
𓐍 𓃀 𓈖 𓏏 𓏮 𓀀||criminal| εγκληματικός εcrimãticos < εcribnãticos
𓃀 𓈖 𓏏 𓏮 𓀀||criminal|bandit

𓇋 𓈖 𓂝 | chin | ចង្កា jonggaa ⋍ chin çənə чана čana סַנְטֵר‎ santér 𒅾 sum چەناگە‎ çenage ჩენგე čenge zenî Kinn ຄາງ khāng ⇔ 𒂅

𓉐𓂋𓏏𓏯𓌾𓏥 fruit פירות‎ peyrót פְּרִי‎ pri 𐎔𐎗 pr pear pr.ma plum फल phal 𓍁𓂋𓏏 ផ្លែឈើ phlae 𓈖𓊪𓂋𓇋𓀭 grain god

𓎛 𓄿 𓏏 𓈅 𓏥 earth erd (Zazaki) ⇔ jord Geord Kurt court ground (h)acre

corn / grain 𐌰𐌺𐍂𐌰𐌽 akran 𓍱𓏤𓌽𓏥

𓊨 qursi 𒄑𒄖𒍝 GU.ZA kussī chaise כורסיא‎ kursəyā कुर्सी kursī كرسي καρέκλα karékla chair
𓎛 𓊨 𓏏 𓆱 cadira / kurseat θᾶκος sthâkos sital Stuhl стол

𒁼 source : 𓍯𓄿𓃀𓆰 ⲣⲉⲧⲛⲟⲩⲛⲓ : root 𓂋𓂧𓇟𓏤 shoot (of tree) 𓇜 raise ⇔ 𓂸𓏏𓏯 ?

𒂵𒈬𒉡 kamūnu cumin Hungarian, caraway seeds are called köménymag, keménymag

𓇋 𓆛 𓈖 𓋴 𓏏 ᵛanisette anise vs :
𓊹 𓌢 𓈖 𓏏 𓂋 𓊸 incense ⋍ inSenther 薫香 くんこう kunkō խունկ xunk 香 xiāng ⇔ Ginger 姜 jiāng
𓇔 𓌽 sugar (su'ger: Süd-Gerste = southern barley/grains)
𓇓 𓇗 sesame σησάμη שושמא‎ šūššmā שומשומא‎ šumššumā
𒃻𒈦𒌑𒈬 /šamaššammū/ 𒊭𒈦𒌑𒈨 /šamaššammi/ 👍 “oil plant” compound of 𒉌 (/šaman/, “oil”) and 𒌑 (/šammu/, “plant”). ⇔ 𓅘 𓎛 𓇳 𓎛 𓏊 𓏥 (sesame) oil 🌣 ☼ Samas=Sun
𓐍𓐍 kara char-coal-gray/black ⇔
𓐍 karon 𓎡𓄿𓅱 gray-green
𓎛 𓊨 𓏏 𓆱 Kurseat chair
𓅬 Ganter 𓋴𓏠𓈖𓅭 Gans Ganza Gwaz goose …
𓄛𓄜 deer der θηρίον/Tier/deer/δέρμα/derma/עוֹר/тиреtire/leather

𓇋 𓃀 𓎛 𓄑 𓏤 ivory 𓇋:i 𓃀:bv 𓎛:hair 𓏤:y ibhairy⋍ivory
𓍋 𓃀 𓅱 𓌟 ivory 𓍋:e… 𓃀:bv 𓅱:wr 𓌟:?
𓋴 𓃀 𓂧 𓈒 𓏥 schwarz سَوْدَاء‎ sawdāʾ svartur შავი šavi[de] שחורה \ שְׁחֹרָה‎ sh'khorá سیاه‎ siyâh сьӧд sʹöd
𓋴𓐠𓄿𓉔𓅱𓏏 serpentine!
𓆓 𓈖 𓏏 dent / zahn Nager nga.chǐ[n] (tooth)
𓎼 𓎛 𓋴 𓃲 gazelle ⇔ gracil = غ ز ل‎ ḡ-z-l
𓋴 𓂋 𓏮 𓃱 giraffe ( 𓋴 as soft Γ gamma like in 'gym' 'giro italia' … )
𓃭 lion ⲗⲉⲱⲛ Löwen Löwe лъв ⲗⲁⲃⲟ 𒊊 lābu لَيْث‎ layṯ aslan (late) 𓃭𓏤𓇋𓏏𓂢 Levant L'Panther
𓆙 sNake 𓈖 𓇋 𓎡 𓆙 नाग nāga נחש‎ nâħâš nake/nyóka/…@ BANTU!
𓆙 Natter 𓈖 𓂝 𓅱 𓆙 Nun@Arab < 蟒 mǎng > могой งู ŋuu nau*⇔mar@sumer
𓈟𓏏𓁐 لِيدِي‎ lēdī lady лейди lejdi λαίδη laídi?
𓋴 𓐟 𓄿 𓇋 𓂋 𓌗 𓀜||need|ضرورت‎ zarurat@PERs צורך \ צֹרֶךְ‎ tsórekh ضَرُورَة‎ ḍarūra@AR darben bedürfen tarve@FIN

𓂧 𓊪 𓏏 𓄓 𓀁 | taste | Duft < daphte > taste +++
𓂧 𓊪 𓏏 𓄓 𓀁 | taste | dapht > dvad > طات‎ дад dad > tat ⇔ taste +++ @ Turk
𓂧 𓊪 𓏏 𓄓 𓀁 | taste | δaphat ⇔ સ્વાદ svād स्वाद svād® ⇔ savôr ++

𓎼 𓂋 𓍅 𓀁 | falsehood, error, transgression, lie| Gerede греша́ grešá خَرَسَ ḵarasa ცრუ cruˣ > glitch غَلَط‎ ḡalaṭ гӏалат ġalat għelt ღალატი ɣalaṭi ղալաթ ग़लत ġalat galat@Turk 거짓 geojit

𓌦 𓏏 𓐍 𓏴 𓀜 | weave | √Tuch textile √TECH ткать TUKU5 𒋳 TAG

𒋻 TAR track ط ر ق‎ ṭ-r-q דֶּרֶךְ‎ dérekh सड़क *dorga доро́га doróha 道路 どうろ dōro 도로 doro road reversed

𓂧 𓃀 𓏏 𓆱 | casket | depot ⲧⲁⲓⲃⲉ taibe demotic #tbyt #dbt #tbt
𓂧 𓃀 𓏏 𓆱 | casket | ܝܒܘܬܐ‎ tēḇūṯā Ge'ez ታቦት tabot תיבה‎ تَابُوه‎ թափուտ тобут ताबूत tābūt

Excessive continuum:
𓍑 𓏏 𓊌 𓅭 | crane | trane турна turna درنا‎ dornâ 두루미 durumi წერო c̣eroⁿ gerweⁿ γέρανος géranos grús corr עָגוּר‎ agúr
𓍑 𓏏 𓊌 𓅭 | crane | dzērve … 鶴 つる, tsuru … žeriav ⇔ ज़रूरत zarūrat צורך צֹרֶךְ‎ tsórekh (rock⇔need) सारस sāras

Wanderwords not directly familiar to the english ear:
𓃹 𓈖 𓈙 𓍄 սահնակ sahnak (sledge מִזְחֶלֶת‎ mizhelet) шейни́чка šejníčka > са́нкі sánki, са́ні sáni
𓃹 𓈖 𓈙 𓍄 чана çana санки sanki sáňky@Czech,Chechen сань Proto-Slavic *sanь. + Tatar / Turkmen
𓃀 𓎛 𓊃 𓄑 𓃔 | calf | becerro 𐰉𐰆𐰕𐰍𐰆‎ buzaɣu borjú > 𒀫 būru™
𓏏 𓍯 𓄿 𓀁 | claim | दावा dāvā® دَعْوَى‎ daʿwā < darben bedarfen > দাবী dabī դաւի dawi դավա dava @ Turk, ARAB etc
𓄿 𓏏 𓆑 | be crowned| թագ tʿag tāg@Parthian 𐫟𐫀𐫡𐫤𐫀𐫃‎ xʾrtʾg /xārtāg/ “crown of thorns” PIE ˢteg- “to cover” (versteck)
𓄿 𓏏 𓆑 | be crowned| تاج‎ tac attire: עֲטָרָה‎ 'atará עטרה‎ atore ⇔ Tuch تاج‎ a'táj ताज tāj тид tid таж taž ዘውድ zäwd
𓋴 𓐍 𓂋 𓏜 𓄡 𓏏 𓏤 | thought | विचार चिन्ता ˢvicāra cintā ++++
𓋴 𓐍 𓂋 𓏜 𓄡 𓏏 𓏤 | thought | विचार ˢvicāra Arabic فِكْر‎ fikr ƒĩk وچار pikir фикир fikir پىكىر‎ pikiran အကြံ ˢa.kram
𓈖 𓏏 𓋔 | Crown | עֲטָרָה‎ ⁿatará ⇔ attire √trag > tāg թագ tʿag taj тәж تاج تاج‎ таж taž
𒈱𒋞 MURGU ⇔ मार्ग mārga (road) mall 马路 mǎlù
𒈱𒋞 MURGU MA.EGIR 𒈱 𓌻 𓂋 𓂋 𓏏 𓉕 𓉐 maroad
𓊃𓈖𓆑𓅱𓂐 δanu ⇔ dyn.astie damn dam=blood@SEM ⇔ Adam man
𓊃𓈖𓆑𓅱𓂐 хун xun xuèn 血 цӏий čʼɪɪ̆ jini хун xwên خون khun 𐭧𐭥𐭭‎ goni ⇔ genesis цус 心 KIN ♡
𓇋 𓌻 𓂋 𓄔 | be deaf | 𓌻 care ⇔ ⲕⲁⲩⲣⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲣ ! کر‎ kar kurt xordu ყრუ q̇ru kuuro глух gluh глухі́ hluxí kuulovammainen
𓇋 𓌻 𓂋 𓄔 | be deaf | 𓌻 care ⇔ ⲕⲁⲩⲣⲓ ⲕⲟⲩⲣ кар חֵירֵשׁ‎ kheresh کھڕ‎ khirr @Kurd gehörlos (PSM) κωφός ⲣ⋍ωφ phr ?
𓇋 𓌻 𓂋 𓄔 | be deaf | 𓌻 care ⇔ kerr, guhgiran Latvian: kurls kurčias kurt xordu > sord (ab)surd
𓐍 𓊪 𓂧 𓅱 𓄹 𓏥 | buttocks | •qphadvr > चूतड़ cūtaṛ कटि kaṭi مَقْعَدَة‎ কটি koti күт küt *köt makat maqʿada

Other wanderworts not attested in Egyptian: ?
𓌳𓍿𓏋?, ⲙⲁⲣⲙⲁⲣ, marble, Marmor @𓌳𓏌𓏌𓏌𓈉?

𒆠𒍇 •Türgang /takkannu, dakkannu, dukkannu/ dais/shop דּוּכָּנָא‎ dukkānā “dais” ཚོང་ཁང tshong khang
𒆠𒍇 Tüchtigkeit Tech (business) туька tykə
𒆠𒍇 shop: دُكَّان‎ dukkān dükan دکان‎ dokân дюкя́н djukján দোকান (dükan) दुकान dukān туька tüka ду̀ћа̄н dùćān Tuktuk
𒆠𒍇 = 𓍿 𓅱 𓊍 ⇔ 𓏏 𓈖 𓅷 𓊎 𓏏 𓏤

"One of the characteristics of these
modern wandering words is that we can observe them rapidly spreading
across Europe and beyond, and through many languages. They have had
little time to undergo language-specific developments, and this is why the
precise route of their wanderings is sometimes so difficult to trace: we
have no sound-laws to guide us."

Later products, Wanderworts after the pharaos
ginger
cumin
soap
meter (maß)
green tea (not yet)

mine 𐎎𐎐 mn μνᾶ mina مَنْجَم‎ manjam

An alternative denomination for these kinds of words is
internationalisms, although some prefer to reserve the latter term for
technical innovations from the 19 th and 20 th century only, such as
telephone, automobile and computer.

Suggested measurements:

Wanderworthyness shall be a weighted sum of these sub-heuristics:

Percentage of main word usage near identical (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of main word usage simmilar (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of main word usage traceable (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of secondary word usage near identical (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of secondary word usage simmilar (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of secondary word usage traceable (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of related words near identical (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of related words usage simmilar (inter)regionally to one superroot
Percentage of related words usage traceable (inter)regionally to one superroot

Because of increased leeway the last categories should be weighted lowly and/or treated carefully.

pod(leg)⇔boot⇔foot

want უნდა undɑ

See also persistently preserved words