EN Create Heroes

Heroes: several characters and hero choice

Français · Type: tutorial + reference + explanation · Audience: author · Context: engine repository, created project · Status: ready · Applies from: 4.4.0

A game can have more than one hero in two different ways. Choosing the hero (4.3.0): at New Game the player picks who the hero is (a knight, a witch or a robot; a boy or a girl), and the whole game follows that choice. Several playable characters (Day of the Tentacle style): the player switches between characters who each stand in their own room. This page walks through the first with the example game, then gives the reference of both and says when to use which.

What you will build

A game whose New Game screen asks "Who am I this morning?" and shows one portrait card per hero. Once a hero is chosen, the character on screen has that hero's look and name, the other characters' lines use that name ({hero}) and the words that fit that hero ({form?…}), in every language, with voices recorded per hero. A save keeps the hero.

The finished example is in the engine repository: games/heroes, "Who Am I Today?" (4.4.0). One garden, one puzzle (the gate key under the watering can), three heroes on portrait cards (Pixel, Biscuit, Gaby the gull), {hero} and switches in Grandma's lines, a French table that adds its own agreements (Prêt{form?gull=e|*=}), Grandma's lines voiced per hero in both languages, one rule only the gull gets, and a save that keeps the hero.

What you need

• A game that runs (npm run dev): see Your first game.
• For the example: the engine repository, installed (Install from the repository).
• About half an hour.

Steps

1. Play the example. In the engine repository, on your machine:

   # in the engine repository
   GAME=heroes npm run dev

   Open the URL it prints, press New Game: three cards, "Pixel", "Biscuit" and "Gaby". Pick one; Grandma greets that hero by name.

2. One character, one variant per hero. Pick a flag name for the hero (form here; any name works). Write one character whose written look is one of the heroes, and a variant per other hero, each read from the flag and each with its own name, sprites and portrait (the first block of the reference). The game's hero is that character.

3. The intro sets the flag. In start.intro, a choice with one option per hero, each with img (its portrait) and { set: ['form', '<value>'] }. The intro runs before the first room's arrival, so the hero is chosen before anyone talks. Reload: the New Game screen shows the cards.

4. The others' words follow the hero. In the lines, {hero} is the hero's name, and {form?knight=him|witch=her|*=it} picks the words for the flag's value (the second block of the reference). Talk to the character: the line reads as that hero.

5. Check every hero. npm run solve stops at the first winning path, which one hero may be enough for. Prove them all:

   # in the engine repository
   GAME=heroes npm run solve -- --prove

   # in a created project
   npx quest-n-click solve --prove

   The proof checks every reachable state, so every hero, and reports a hero who can no longer finish as a softlock.

6. Translate and voice it. A translation writes its own words inside the braces, with the same flag and values; voices are recorded once per value. See Translations and Voices below.

Limit · heroes-tutorial-scope This walk-through does not cover the art of the heroes (their sheets and portraits): see Images. The example's voice clips are stand-ins (a babble per hero, declared in games/heroes/provenance.json).

Reference: letting the player choose the hero

feature since 4.3.0

The player picks the hero at New Game: a knight, a witch or a robot, a boy or a girl, as many heroes as the game declares. The hero keeps the same puzzles and rooms; what changes is the look, the name, and the words the others use for the hero. It takes one flag (form here, any name works), one character with a variant per hero, an intro choice that sets the flag, and switches in the texts that depend on it.

Where the commands run: this page writes them for the engine repository (npm run validate, npm run solve, with GAME=<id> in front for another game than the default). In a created project, the same tools are npx quest-n-click validate, npx quest-n-click solve (--prove, --chapters), npx quest-n-click lint, npx quest-n-click i18n status and npx quest-n-click voices, and the sources are in game/ instead of games/<id>/.

hero: 'kid',
characters: {
  kid: {
    name: 'Robo', sprites: cat('robot'), portrait: 'robot/portrait',          // the written look is a hero too
    variants: [
      { if: { flag: 'form', eq: 'knight' }, name: 'Sir Lance', sprites: cat('knight'), portrait: 'knight/portrait' },
      { if: { flag: 'form', eq: 'witch' }, name: 'Morwen', sprites: cat('witch'), portrait: 'witch/portrait' },
    ],
  },
},
start: { room: 'hall', intro: [
  'Who am I this morning?',
  { choice: [
    { text: 'Sir Lance', img: 'knight/portrait', do: [{ set: ['form', 'knight'] }] },
    { text: 'Morwen', img: 'witch/portrait', do: [{ set: ['form', 'witch'] }] },
    { text: 'Robo', img: 'robot/portrait', do: [{ set: ['form', 'robot'] }] },
  ] },
] },
checkpoints: {
  door_witch: { room: 'hall', inventory: ['key'], flags: { form: 'witch', key_found: true } },
},

And in a room:

talk: { grandma: [{ topic: 'Good morning, Grandma!', do: [
  { say: ['grandma', 'Good morning, {hero}! Ready, my {form?knight=brave knight|witch=clever witch|*=shiny robot}?'] },
] }] },
look: { grandma: 'Grandma. Dust makes {form?knight=him|witch=her|robot=it} sneeze.' },

• The variant's name replaces the character's name while the variant applies, like its sprites, mouths, portrait and palette: the speech box, the transcript, the talk header and {name} in a fallback read it. The first variant whose if holds wins; a value no variant matches gets the written look and name.
• {hero} is the active hero's name, its variant's included.
• A switch {<flag>?<value>=<text>|…|*=<text>} is the text listed for the flag's current value; *= covers every value not listed, so a line that is the same for most heroes lists only the odd ones ({form?witch=my girl|*=my dear}). No value matching and no *=: the first text. A text with no { stays as written. No nesting: put two switches side by side. A switch reads any flag, not only the hero's.
• Where they are filled: when a text is shown, in lines, choice options, looks, hints, toasts, captions, item and object names and objective titles. Not in room names, verbs, character names, ui, the title, the map, the sealed ending or a minigame's params: the validator refuses them there. A variant's name changes a character's name, and is shown as written too: give each hero its own variant and name instead of a switch.
• The intro runs before the first room's arrival, so the hero is chosen before anyone talks. With img, each option is a card: the portrait with its text as the label (and the screen reader's name); the cards wrap and scroll, so any number of heroes fits on a phone. Without img, the options are text lines.
• Logic stays logic: a rule that must differ by hero carries if: { flag: 'form', eq: 'witch' }. The solver branches over the intro's choice, but npm run solve stops at the first winning path; npm run solve -- --prove checks every hero. Saves keep the flag; checkpoints take it in flags.

Guarantee · hero-choice-save-keeps-hero · referenced · scope self-checked by the author (AI), not reviewed A save keeps the hero: the flag that chose it is in the saved state, so a game loaded in a new engine shows the same hero, with its name. Limit: the test loads a save of the heroes fixture (tests/fixtures/heroes.ts) in the same engine version; what a save does across an engine upgrade is in State and saves.

Translations

Translations write their own words inside the braces, with the same flag and values (the switch is filled after the translation): room:hall/look.grandma → Grand-mère. La poussière {form?knight=le|witch=la|robot=le} fait éternuer.. A language may add a switch its source does not need, for its grammar: Ready? becomes Prêt{form?witch=e|*=} ?. The variants' names are translated too (char:kid/variants[0].name). npm run i18n -- status lists the translations that drop a choice the source makes (a flag it no longer switches on, a value neither listed nor covered by *=); a switch or a value added for the grammar is fine. More: Translations.

Voices

A line whose words follow a flag ({form?m=him|f=her}) is recorded once per value: put its clips in audio.voices under <id>~<flag>=<value> (grandma_saw~form=f). With several flags in one line, sort them by name and join them with ~ (greet~form=f~mood=calm); values are written as text (true, 2). The engine plays the clip for the flags as they stand and falls back to the plain id when that clip is missing or a flag is not set yet, so a game can ship before every recording exists. voicesByLang uses the same keys. npm run voices (and the Studio's Voices tab) lists one row per value, each with its text, and npm run validate warns when a voiced line lacks a value's clip. The keys are only map keys: the file names stay yours. {hero} alone is not a switch: such a line keeps one clip. More: Voices.

In the Studio

• Previewing each hero: the Play tab has a "Text switches" picker that sets the flag, and the Rooms tab shows under a switched text how it reads.
• Every hero in every language at once (4.4.0): the Voices tab, "Heroes × languages", is a read-only matrix of the lines with an id that depend on the hero (a switch or {hero}, in any language). A column per hero (each value the switched flags take, headed by its variant's portrait and name) and per language; each cell the text as that hero reads it and the clip that plays, or missing <key> (with the plain id when it plays as the fallback). A row also says when a language still has the source's text (untranslated), when a translation drops a choice the source makes (agreement), and when a hero's value is listed by no switch of the line and has no *= (unlisted). "Lines with a problem" keeps only those. See Voices and the heroes × languages matrix.

What the tools say

• npm run validate: malformed text switch "…" (a missing = or }, a value listed twice, a brace inside); text switch "…" reads flag "form", which no command sets; … lists value "x" for "form", which no set writes; … has no text for "form" = "robot" (written at …): list it or add "*="; {hero} in a text shown as written; start.intro[1].choice[0].img › image not found: "…". A flag counted with inc cannot be listed: its switch needs *= (a warning).
• npm run validate also warns: voiced line with text switches lacks 1 of 3 clip(s) by value: sneeze~form=robot.
• npm run lint: hero-looks-default (info) when two or more values of the hero's flag match no variant, so those heroes look like the written one (a typo in a variant's if, or a variant not written yet).

The example's own checks: GAME=heroes npm run solve -- --prove proves it for every hero; its browser test (games/heroes/e2e.mjs) picks each hero in English and in French, saves, reloads, continues and finishes.

Reference: several playable characters

hero: 'bernard',
players: { ids: ['bernard', 'hoagie', 'laverne'], start: { hoagie: { room: 'past_lab' }, laverne: { room: 'future_lab' } },
  give: 'Here, {nom}: the {objet}.' },

• Each playable character has their own room, position and inventory (sharedInventory: true to share one bag). players.start says where the others start (default: the start room, nothing in hand).
• The hero (hero) is the one controlled first. A button per other character sits in the tools row (their portrait, or their initial): tapping it is { switchPlayer: 'hoagie' }, and the view moves to their room.
• An inactive character standing in the room is drawn and can be given an item: it goes to their bag ({ transfer: ['hamster', 'laverne'] } does the same from a script, wherever they are). With no rule written for that gift, the hero says the give line. Its placeholders are {item} (the item), {name} (the character) and {target}; {objet}, {nom} and {cible} are the same three under their 4.0 names, still read (the example above uses them). Without give, the line is Here, {name}: the {item}..
• The condition { player: 'laverne' } tells who is acting; 'hero' in commands always means the active one.
• If a room declares an actor for a playable character, that actor stands for them while they are inactive (poses, talk topics); they are not drawn twice.
• Checkpoints take active and players: { id: { room, inventory } }.
• The solver switches characters like the player would ("Switch to hoagie" in its path).

Two classic examples written this way: the tree planted in the past and the Chron-O-John.

Which to use, and why

Choosing the hero is one character with variants, not players. Playable characters each have a button in the tools row and stand in their own rooms, so the player could switch heroes mid-game: right for a team (Day of the Tentacle's three kids in three times), wrong for "who am I". The hero choice changes the look, the name and the words, never the rooms or the puzzles; what must differ by hero is written as logic (if on the flag), which the solver and the proof see.

Why a flag and switches, not one copy of each line per hero. A switch keeps one line with one id, so a translation, a voice key and the Studio's matrix stay attached to it; a value covered by *= needs no copy. The cost: a switch is filled only where a text is shown to the player (not in names, verbs or ui), and a flag counted with inc cannot be listed value by value.

Limit · hero-choice-not-mid-game Nothing switches the hero mid-game in the player's interface: the choice is made in the intro. A command can set the flag again later, and the variant then follows, but no screen offers it.

The design record: ADR 0022, decision D49 in docs/dev/DECISIONS.md.

What you learned

• A hero is a character with variants read from one flag: Characters.
• The intro's choice sets that flag before the first room: Dialogues.
• {hero} and switches make the words follow the hero, in every language: Translations, Voices.
• npm run solve -- --prove checks every hero: What the solver proves.

Where to go next

• Voices: per language and per hero, to record the lines per hero.
• Example games, to read games/heroes in full.
• Classic mechanics, for more of what the DSL already does.

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