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ZH TW CSharp Keyword when filter condition

Codex edited this page Oct 11, 2026 · 2 revisions

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C#:when為過濾條件

使用手冊C# · 實用指南

過濾 catch 異常或為模式比對分支新增條件。

簡單範例 (Example.cs)

請將此範例另存為 Example.cs,並與本頁其他範例分開執行。

Example.cs:

// PROJECT-EXAMPLE
try { throw new System.Exception("sample"); }
catch (System.Exception error) when (error.Message == "sample")
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("Matched");
}

結果:

Matched

句法

catch (Exception e) when (condition) / case pattern when condition:

例1:基本形式

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

public static class Program
{
    public static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        try { throw new ArgumentException("sample", "count"); }
        catch (ArgumentException error) when (error.ParamName == "count") { Console.WriteLine("Handled count"); }
    }
}

例2:另一種實用形式

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.IO;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;

public static class Program
{
    public static async Task Main(string[] args)
    {
        object value = 20;
        switch (value) { case int number when number > 10: Console.WriteLine("Large"); break; case int: Console.WriteLine("Small"); break; }
    }
}

官方來源:Microsoft學習。

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